1,721,027 research outputs found
Lateral Habenula contribution in Nicotine addiction : focus on Dopamine, GABA and Serotonin Interactions
Full text linkCompelling evidence has shown a pivotal role of dopaminergic function in drug addiction. Recently, the Habenula (Hb) has attracted a great deal of attention as another target for nicotine in the brain because of its role in regulating dopamine (DA), gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin (5-HT) systems. Nicotine acts binding to acetylcholine receptors that are widely distributed in the brain. Interestingly, the receptor subtypes that mediate nicotine withdrawal responses are highly expressed in the Hb. Moreover, the block of habenular nicotinic receptors in animals chronically treated with nicotine enhances withdrawal responses once nicotine is discontinued. Furthermore, it has been shown how a high dose of nicotine can cause massive degeneration almost exclusively in the medial habenula (MHb) and its output tract, the fasciculus retroflexus. Thus, symptoms associated with nicotine withdrawal may be caused by dysfunctions of the Hb output. Therefore, Hb might be of fundamental importance in the expression of nicotine reinforcing properties and withdrawal. Here, we will focus on the role of the lateral habenula (LHb) on nicotine modulation of DA function and we will evaluate LHb interaction with the rostromedial tegmental nucleus (RMTg), a GABAergic area, and the serotonergic raphé nuclei. Furthermore, as LHb has high density expression of 5-HT2C receptors, these subtypes might be important in the control of its neuronal activity and output to the midbrain monoaminergic and GABAergic systems.peer-reviewe
La lingua degli studenti universitari in tempi di pandemia: una ricognizione degli usi nella comunicazione via social network
No full textDal marzo 2020, l’emergenza pandemica da COVID-19 ha imposto e continua a imporre cambiamenti alla vita personale e professionale di tutti, non da ultimo, nelle sue diverse componenti, il mondo accademico, che ha ricalibrato le proprie attività di erogazione e di fruizione della didattica attraverso l'impiego di strumenti e tecnologie che ne hanno permesso l’immediata prosecuzione da remoto.
Costrette a spostare a distanza le attività che prima svolgevano in presenza, le comunità universitarie hanno ridefinito le loro sfere di azione, col risultato che i contesti virtuali si offrono oggi quali luoghi di massima elezione per un’analisi della rappresentazione linguistica della vita universitaria quotidiana. Per gli studenti, i social network hanno acquisito sempre maggiore centralità nella comunicazione tra pari, non solo in relazione alle dimensioni ludiche e goliardiche, ma anche ai fini del confronto e dello scambio di informazioni relative alle modalità della didattica che in modo repentino e radicale hanno sostituito quelle tradizionali.
Nell’ambito del progetto nazionale PRIN UniverS-ITA, L’italiano scritto degli studenti universitari: quadro sociolinguistico, tendenze tipologiche, implicazioni didattiche, e di una serie di ricerche sulla scrittura dei social network, si presenterà uno studio di caso di scritture note con la titolatura di Spotted, pubblicate su Facebook da una comunità di studenti universitari nel periodo di tempo che intercorre fra il primo lockdown e l’attuale fase oggi in corso, illustrando il processo di assorbimento delle istanze promosse in seno ai nuovi contesti, dalle mutate esigenze alla nuova “normalità”
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Biochemical and therapeutic effects of antioxidants in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
No full textAppropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
"Spotto la quarantena": per una analisi dell'italiano scritto degli studenti universitari via social network in tempo di COVID-19
Full text linkPer un’analisi dell’italiano scritto degli studenti universitari, un contesto privilegiato si trova in quei canali social di
condivisione tra pari noti con la titolatura di “Spotted”. Attivi particolarmente su Instagram, si tratta di canali di interazione pubblica informale che forniscono elementi significativi all’indagine sulle scritture spontanee dei giovani in rete.
Questa ricerca presenta un corpus di oltre trentamila testi da Spotted universitari italiani. Concentrandoci sulle fasi
COVID (e sul periodo immediatamente precedente), intendiamo illustrare come il corpus Spotted-Ita appaia funzionale a
un’indagine riferita alla comunicazione linguistica nell’occasione di un’esperienza
unica e straordinaria vissuta dagli studenti universitari.“Spotted” posts represent one of the most popular forms of Computer mediated Communication (CMC) among
university students in Italy, and as such, they represent a privileged context to analyze the Italian language used by students
on the Web. This kind of informal communication channels is active especially on Instagram, and provides relevant insights
on the spontaneous writing of young people. Based on Spotted-ITA Corpus, a corpus of over 30,000 posts retrieved from
Italian Spotted accounts on Instagram, this paper presents a focus on the period of lockdown in Italy due to COVID pandemics and its immediately preceding period, showing how this corpus can be useful in analyzing the way Italian university
students communicated during this unique and extraordinary experience
Serotonin control of central dopaminergic function: focus on in vivo microdialysis studies
No full textIn this review, the functional interactions between serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) neuronal systems are discussed with the focus on microdialysis studies in the rodent brain (mainly rats). 5-HT by itself is involved both directly and indirectly via actions on complex neuronal circuitry, in the regulation of DA release through multiple 5-HT receptors, playing a critical role in the development of normal and abnormal behaviours. Recent evidence suggests that dysfunction of dopaminergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter systems contributes to various disorders including depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and drug abuse. Here we summarize recent neurochemical works that have extensively explored the role of 5-HT receptors in the control of DA central systems in both basal and drug-induced conditions, using in vivo microdialytic techniques. Several 5-HT receptor subtypes, including the 5-HT(1A), 5-HT(1B), 5-HT(2A), 5-HT(3) and 5-HT(4) receptors, act to facilitate DA release, while the 5-HT(2C) receptor mediates an inhibitory effect of 5-HT on DA release. Taken together, neurochemical approaches using microdialysis can not only contribute to clarification of the physiological role of the serotonergic neuronal systems but may also be a powerful pharmacological approach for the development of therapeutic strategies to the treatment of depression, schizophrenia, Parkinson's disease and drug abuse
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