87,238 research outputs found
Instabilità geomorfologica e tettonica pleistocenica nella bassa valle del T. Résina (bacino del F. Tevere, Umbria centrale).
No full textNel bacino del T. Résina (Umbria centrale) si sono manifestati nell'ultimo decennio fenomeni di instabilità legati sia alla dinamica fluviale (influenzata dall'intensa attività estrattiva di inerti in alveo che ha comportato una forte ripresa dell'erosione lineare e laterale), sia alla presenza di movimenti di massa, per lo più di tipo superficiale, che interessano soprattutto i terreni clastici quaternari (conglomerati, sabbie e limi). Un movimento franoso, in località Résina S. Orsola, è degno di nota in quanto, oltre a coinvolgere un'ampia superficie, sembra essere collegato, per lo meno come fattore predisponente, anche agli effetti di una fase tettonica distensiva tardo-pleistocenica, particolarmente evidente in questa porzione della medio-alta Val Tiberina
Coatings of Bio-based materials on flexible food packaging : opportunities for problem solving and innovations
No full textA sustainable new economy needs a marked turn in the use of raw materials and resources; if solar and wind power represent the perspective in the energy supply sector, Bio-based materials (BBM) and their composites might be the future in the field of new materials (Carus & Scholz, 2010). Every year, using different biosynthetic pathways, nature affords 170 billion of metric tons of biomass, but only a small amount (around 3.5 %), mainly represented by wood used for conventional applications, is utilized by mankind (Shen et al., 2010). The packaging sector, with food packaging by far its largest part, uses about 250 million tons of different materials and accounts for almost 500 billion dollars worldwide; about one third of that huge amount of material is made up of synthetic plastics (Piergiovanni, 2010). Therefore, the packaging sector represents a significant challenge and an excellent opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil resources and increasing the sustainability of a specific field. Anyhow, to accelerate and to make feasible the replacement of the conventional materials with Bio-based alternatives, without prompting any conflict with the packaging lines currently operating within the manufacturing companies, a valuable opportunity is represented by the use of BBM as coatings for common flexible packaging materials, with the aim of improving properties while reducing the thickness of synthetic plastic films. In this context, after a preliminary review of the existing uses and perspectives of BBM, this chapter firstly focuses on the coating technology applications in the flexible packaging field, then presents some of the experimental work carried out within our research group for the enhancement of useful performance of plastic films for food packaging, through the development of thin layers made of BBMs assembled using different procedures
Coatings of Bio-based materials on flexible food packaging: opportunities for problem solving and innovations (chapter 13)
No full textA sustainable new economy needs a marked turn in the use of raw materials and resources; if solar and wind power represent the perspective in the energy supply sector, bio-based materials (BBM) and their composites might be the future in the fi eld of new materials (Carus & Scholz, 2010). Every year, using different biosynthetic pathways, nature affords 170 billion metric tons of biomass, but only a small amount (around 3.5%), mainly represented by wood used for conventional applications, is utilized by mankind (Shen et al., 2010). The packaging sector, with food packaging by far its largest part, uses about 250 million tons of different materials and accounts for almost 500 billion dollars worldwide; about one third of that huge amount of material is made up of synthetic plastics (Piergiovanni, 2010). Therefore, the packaging sector represents a signifi cant challenge and an excellent opportunity for reducing dependence on fossil resources and increasing the sustainability of a specifi c fi eld. Anyhow, to accelerate and to make feasible the replacement of the conventional materials with bio-based alternatives, without prompting any confl ict with the packaging lines currently operating within the manufacturing companies, a valuable opportunity is represented by the use of BBM as coatings for common fl exible packaging materials, with the aim of improving properties while reducing the thickness of synthetic plastic fi lms. In this context, after a preliminary review of the existing uses and perspectives of BBM, this chapter fi rstly focuses on the coating technology applications in the fl exible packaging fi eld, then presents some of the experimental work carried out within our research group for the enhancement of useful performance of plastic fi lms for food packaging, through the development of thin layers made of BBMs assembled using different procedure
Packaging and food sustainability
No full textThis chapter presents a deep investigation into the role of packaging within the sustainability of the food chains. In this context, food becomes a key element and the life cycle impacts related to both the packaging and the food, including the food that is not consumed, must be considered. Food waste, in fact, should be taken into great account since, in many cases, its environmental impact is higher than that arising from packaging. The weight of the impact of packaging materials over the total environmental impact of foods is variable, ranging from very low to very high, and this variability determines different suitable actions to undertake for sustainability improvements. The chapter presents various sustainability-oriented strategies based on the improvement of packaging efficiency and effectiveness, i.e., lightweighting, shift to more recyclable materials and to bioplastics, redesign of packaging configuration, adoption of active packaging solutions, and potential of nanotechnologies
Trasferimenti di aeriformi (O2, CO2, vapor acqueo) attraverso la confezione permeabile di un prodotto vegetale fresco.
No full textSi ripprtano i risultati conseguiti in alcune esperienze preliminari condoptte su vegetali di IV gamma, nel corso delle quali si è valutata l'influenza reciproca delle prestazioni diffusionali dei materiali di confezionamento e del metabolismo respiratorio dei prodotti stessi
SLIM 2015 Shelf-life International Meeting Vimercate (MB), 21-23 October 2015 INTRODUCTION
No full textOptimization of manufacture of almond paste cookies using response surface methodology
No full textThe response surface methodology (RSM) was used in the optimization of a modified recipe of almond paste cookies to pinpoint the best combination of the most important factors, in order to obtain an enhanced product with quality characteristics similar to the typical one. In this modified recipe, bamboo fiber and fructose were added as humectant and anticrystallizing agents to extend the shelf life of the cookies. Five quantitative controllable factors were selected for the experimental design: weight of bamboo fiber, fructose/saccharose ratio (F/S) and weight of egg white as ingredients, and baking time and temperature as process parameters. To assess the product quality, texture, moisture content and color were considered as dependent variables. The three second-order polynomial models obtained by RSM and the subsequent optimization step indicated that a formulation with 28.95 g of fiber, 252.5 g of egg white, an F/S equal to 0.1, baking time and temperature of 21.5 min and 185.5C, respectively, represents the best recipe to manufacture a new product with quality attributes very similar to the typical one and, in addition, with an extended shelf life
The potential of nanocellulose in the packaging field : a review
No full textNanocellulose has potential applications across several industrial sectors and allows the development of innovative materials, as well as the enhancement of conventional materials properties. The nanocellulose particles can be utilized as fillers, in composites manufacture, as coating and as self-standing thin films, achieving always very interesting and promising properties. Very few of the several reviews that recently appeared on this topic in the scientific literature, however, summarized the potential of cellulose in nanoform specifically for the packaging field rather focusing on different aspects, ranging from the chemistry and the morphology of nanocellulose particles to the preparation methods, the industrial applications and the patents released. In the present review, the remarkable chemical and physical properties of nanocellulose are introduced and discussed with specific reference to the packaging needs. First, the cellulose resources and structure are introduced, then the process methods to reach the nanoscale, the corresponding morphologies and nomenclatures are summarized, mentioning also the possible chemical modifications of nanocellulose and, finally, its practical and potential applications for packaging materials, especially food packaging materials, are tentatively proposed and discussed. Although the review might not cover every aspect on nanocellulose, yet the key points, particularly those related to safety and biodegradability issues, are regarded and considered
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