1,721,043 research outputs found
Observations on the Birth and Development of the Sasanian Rock Reliefs Craft Tradition
No full textThe group of the Sasanian rock reliefs is one of the most important documents to
understand the ideology of the Sasanian dynasty of Iran (from the 3rd to the 7th century AD) because the
main role is played by the king, represented in various actions: investiture, or gift of the khwarrah by a
deity; homage to the king by the family and dignitaries; king and his entourage; victory and triumph over
the king's enemies; individual equestrian battles. Initially, scholars were mainly interested in the
interpretation of the motifs represented and the identification of the characters who animated the scenes,
based on the comparison with the monetary portraits, identified by a legend. Moreover, the figurative
language of the reliefs is not entirely clear, and sometimes it is quite difficult to interpret complex scenes
safely. The codes, expressed by the postures, gestures, hairstyles and attributes of the characters, which
were clear to contemporaries, often appear enigmatic to us.
However, the purpose of this work is not to discuss the different interpretations proposed for the
iconographic motifs, but to study the theme of the birth and development of this or these craft traditions,
with a methodology that starts from the assumption that the complex technical aspects underlying their
production characterize the works of art in relation to the skills shared by the craftsmen of the different
«production centers»: they are linked to a school that keeps a certain tradition alive, with a slow
evolution, on which, however, an external agent can act quickly
Ideological Aspects of Persian Art and Architecture as Seen from Persepolis, in a Historical Perspective.
No full textThe enormous importance that Persepolis had during the Achaemenid period
makes it a key site for understanding the cultural and ideological climate at the
center of the empire, which was doubtless also reflected in the farthest regions
of the empire, thanks to the particular administrative structure of the satrapies,
and which therefore influenced the cultural history of Palestine as well.
The information that has been obtained since 2011 by
the Iranian-Italian Archaeological Mission directed by Alireza Askari Chaverdi
of Shiraz University and myself at a site a short distance from the Persepolis Terrace,
and therefore within the area of Pārsa, coincides fully with the reconstruction
of Persian political ideology and its influence on the cultural developments
in Palestine proposed by the biblical scholar Giovanni Garbini.
The author proposes an evaluation of Achaemenid political ideology based mainly on architectural
and visual evidence, leading him to conclusions which to some extent
differ from those of historians, who rightly stress the continuity
with Assyrian and Babylonian traditions when characterizing Persian rule
over subject peoples. The textual evidence does not justify taking for granted the concept
that the Achaemenid kings maintained a different religious policy toward subject peoples;
actually, the alleged alliance of the victors with the local deities provided a way to make integration
of the new power with local societies possible after the decidedly violent conquest.
When we turn to the actual architectural and figural evidence stemming from
the Achaemenid kings, we see that alongside themes and motifs of clear Egyptian
and Neo-Assyrian origin, some themes and motifs, at least starting from the
age of Darius I, appear to be original Persian creations. Achaemenid architecture
and art, therefore, can be summarized as an original elaboration firmly based on
previous traditions, particularly of the Neo-Assyrian empire, but integrated with
original ideas that must have amounted to a statement of ideological diversity.
An appendix is dedicated to the evidence from Tol-e Ajori
Nuove osservazioni sulla presenza achemenide nel Golfo Persico.
No full textStimolato da una recente visita al Museo Nazionale di Bahrein e al Museo del sito di Qal‘at al-Bahrein, dove l’apparato esplicativo delle sale dedicate all’età del Ferro sembra ignorare una presenza achemenide che alcuni manufatti indicano invece in modo palese, l'autore intende riprendere e approfondire alcune considerazioni proposte in precedenza, che forse possono aspirare a suscitare un interesse da parte di Pierre Briant.
Pur se privo di una competenza diretta nell’archeologia della costa araba del Golfo Persico, qui particolarmente interessata dalla discussione, l'autore mira ad approfondire la materia, che a un archeologo del mondo iranico appare velata di un’incomprensibile oscurità, anche perché a Bahrein il visitatore si trova davanti ad alcuni manufatti che presentano tratti di chiara pertinenza alla cultura materiale dell’altopiano iranico di età achemenide e che tuttavia vengono genericamente riportati a una continuità culturale del periodo «late Dilmun» che copre l’età del Ferro dal 1000 al 400 a.C
Scientific Investigations on Raw Clay Materials from Fars area
No full textThe excavations of the Iranian-Italian Joint Archaeological Mission, directed by Professor Alireza Askari Chaverdi
(Shiraz University) and Professor Pierfrancesco Callieri (University of Bologna), following the activities at Tang-e
Bolaghi and Pasargadae (Askari Chaverdi and Callieri 2006: 23-25; Askari Chaverdi and Callieri 2016), since 2008
were carried out at the site of Persepolis West, unearthing numerous ceramic materials (Askari Chaverdi and Callieri
2012: 225-248; Amadori et al. 2012: 183-207; Callieri et al. 2014: 1-11). Later excavations have interested the area of
Bagh-e Firuzi, located 3.5 km west of the Achaemenid Terrace of Persepolis. In this area, excavations at the site of Tole
Ajori have unearthed a structure built with mud-bricks and baked bricks, and an external facade of monochrome
glazed bricks (Askari Chaverdi et al. 2013).
As ceramic and bricks were generally used, besides their scientific investigations1, a territorial survey regarding local
raw clay deposits outcropping in the neighbourhood were carried out.
Several raw clay samples (Figs. 1 and 2) were collected and investigated (Amadori et al. 2017), in order to identify the
raw materials used for produce ancient ceramic and bricks. The samples have been subjected to X-ray diffraction
analyses (XRD), X-ray fluorescence analyses (XRF), SEM-EDX analyses and FTIR-ATR spectrometr
Pierfrancesco Callieri, L’archéologie du Fārs à l’époque hellénistique. Quatre leçons au Collège de France, 8, 15, 22 et 29 mars 2007 (Persika 11), Paris, de Boccard (2008)
No full textBoucharlat Rémy. Pierfrancesco Callieri, L’archéologie du Fārs à l’époque hellénistique. Quatre leçons au Collège de France, 8, 15, 22 et 29 mars 2007 (Persika 11), Paris, de Boccard (2008). In: Topoi, volume 16/2, 2009. pp. 539-542
Premessa/Foreword
No full textprefazione al volume che raccoglie trentasei scritti di oltre quaranta autori, offerti a Pierfrancesco Callieri in occasione del suo 65° compleann
"Le vie dei monaci e dei mercanti" "Turfan e Dunhuang" "Sulle Vie della Seta tra XIX e XX secolo: orientalisti ed esploratori" "Una cornucopia di tessuti" "Il ciglio del cavaliere" "Le immagini che disvelano Buddha" "Chang'an/Xi'an"
No full textSette schede di catalogo a corredo delle opere esposte nella mostra "A Oriente. Città, Uomini e Dei sulle Vie della Seta" — Museo Nazionale Romano, Terme di Diocleziano 21.10.2011–26.02.2012.
Tre schede ("Una cornucopia di tessuti", "Il ciglio del cavaliere",
"Le immagini che disvelano Buddha") commentano alcuni preziosi manufatti – due tessuti e frammenti di dipinti murali raffiguranti il Buddha – rinvenuti nei siti archeologici lungo la carovaniera meridionale che attraversa l'odierno Xinjiang (Cina) e che vengono esposti per la prima volta in Italia. Altre schede sono invece dedicate alla presentazione delle vie di transito tra India, Asia centrale e Cina ("Le vie dei monaci e dei mercanti"), alla storia dei più importanti siti buddhisti della regione del Xinjiang e del Gansu ("Turfan e Dunhuang"), alle spedizioni archeologiche che all'inizio del XX secolo portarono alla loro riscoperta ("Sulle Vie della Seta tra XIX e XX secolo: orientalisti ed esploratori") e a Chang'an, antica capitale cinese e centro dei traffici commerciali euroasiatici per diversi secoli ("Chang'an/Xi'an")
"Dall'India alla Cina: modelli, copie e trasformazioni dell'immagine del Buddha"
No full textSaggio sintetico sullo stato dell'arte riguardante la più antica produzione di immagini buddhiste in Cina e i problemi connessi alla trasmissione dei modelli dall'India alla Cina e alle modalità di riproduzione delle immagini. Lo studio si fonda sulla letteratura scientifica più recente, criticamente esaminata, e sul riesame delle più antiche statuine del Buddha realizzate in Cina
A Note on the Relationship between Some Ghaznavid and Byzantine Graffita Wares
No full text(To Maurizio Taddei, eds Pierfrancesco Callieri e Anna Filigenzi
Technical and diagnostic investigation on some metallic objects coming from the Isiao Excavations at the site of Barikot (Swat, Pakistan)
Full text linkThe authors introduce new studies on the metallurgic activity carried out in the archaeological site of Barikot (Swat, Pakistan). The collaboration between the IsIAO Italian Archaeological Mission in Pakistan and the Diagnostic Laboratory of the Department of Storie e Metodi per la Conservazione dei Beni Culturali of the Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna allowed the achievement of new useful data that are quite interesting even if the research is still at the beginning and needs further checks. In particular some samples show traces of niobium. This element is fairly rare but, in some cases, is present into the crystal net of cassiterite. In the samples, the traces of niobium are always correlated with the presence of tin in the alloy. If these data will be confirmed, it’s going to be possible to hypothesise that tin minerals used for the alloy of the object found at Barikot may come from mining sites characterized by the presence of niobium
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