1,721,006 research outputs found
Die effek van visieterapie op die okulêre motoriese beheer van 7– tot 8–jarige kinders met ontwikkelingskoördinasieversteuring (DCD)
Full text linkThesis (PhD (Human Movement Science))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012.Literature indicates 50% co–morbidity between Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) (APA, 2000; Dewey et al., 2002; Kopp et al., 2010; Martin et al., 2006). According to the DSM–IV (APA, 2000), children who display criteria of both
these conditions are diagnosed with Deficiencies in Attention Span, Motor Control and Perception (DAMP). Lefebvre and Reid (1998) and Pienaar (2008) report that coordination (hand–eye, footeye, and total body coordination), spatial orientation, and balance are influenced by the visual system and that motor deficiencies are often caused by poor ocular motor control functions (eye
muscle functions). Concomitant with this, insufficient ocular motor control could lead directly to poor concentration and attention span, while it could lead indirectly to various behavioural problems (Barnett & Wiggs, 2011; Borsting et al., 2005; Iversen et al., 2006; Missiuna et al., 2011). Consequently, if any incorrect input of information by the visual system into the brain takes place,
the neurological decision–making of the child, based on this information, will also be incorrect, which could lead to motor deficiencies, including ADHD and DCD (Barnett & Wiggs, 2011; Borsting et al., 2005; Dewey et al., 2002; Pienaar, 2008). Vision therapy is proffered as a possible
intervention for the deficiencies mentioned that are concomitant with poor ocular motor control (Barrett, 2009; Cheatum & Hammond, 2000; Dudley & Vasché, 2010; Grisham, 1998; Hurst et al., 2006). The aim of the thesis was fourfold: to determine, firstly, what the effect of vision therapy would be
on the ocular motor control of 7– to 8–year–old children with DCD and, secondly, what the effect of vision therapy would be on the DCD diagnoses 7– to 8–year–old children with DCD. The third aim was to determine what the effect of vision therapy would be on the ADHD and DCD status of 7– to 8–year–old children with DAMP and, lastly, whether vision therapy could bring about a significant
improvement in the behaviour of children diagnosed with DAMP. Thirty–two children (20 boys and 12 girls) with a mean age of 7.98 years (sd±0.30) took part in the study. The Movement Assessment Battery for Children (MABC) (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) and the Movement Assessment Battery for Children Checklist (Henderson & Sugden, 1992) section five were used to determine children’s DCD status as well as their behavioural characteristics. The
Taylor Hyperactivity Screening List (Lowenberg & Lucas, 1999) and Modified Conners Abbreviated Teacher (Lowenberg & Lucas, 1999) were used to classify children with ADHD. The Sensory Input Screening Measuring Instrument (Pyfer, 1988) and the Quick Neurological Screening Test II (QNST–II) (Mutti et al., 1998) test batteries were used to evaluate the children’s ocular motor control. A two–group pre–post–test crossover design was followed, with a retention test two years later to determine the effect of the vision therapy programme. The vision therapy was offered for 18 weeks, on an individual basis, by the researcher herself, once a week for 30 to 45 minutes
during school hours, at the three different schools that took part in the study. For the data processing, the “Statistica for Windows 2010” computer program package was used
(StatSoft, 2010). For descriptive purposes, data was, firstly, analysed using means (M), standard deviations (sd), and minimum and maximum values. Secondly, different repeated–measures–overtime analysis of variance (ANOVA) with a Bonferroni adaptation was used to determine the time
effect of the intervention within the different groups. Lastly, dependent and independent t–testing were used to determine the pre–post–test differences of the vision therapy between the different groups. A p–value smaller than, or equal to, 0,05 was accepted as statistically significant, and a dvalue
bigger than, or equal to, 0,5 was accepted as practically significant. The results showed that the percentage of ocular motor control problems in both groups before the start of the vision therapy varied between 6,25% and 93,75%. Vision therapy contributed to
statistically significant (p≤0,05) improvement, which varied between 75% and 100% in visual pursuit, fixation, ocular alignment, and convergence–divergence. Both groups’ MABC total, fine motor skills, ball skills, and balance skills values, as well as the ocular motor control deviations, decreased statistically (p≤0,05) and practically (d?0,8) significantly on completion of the vision therapy, and this effect was still discernable two years later during the retention test. The results further showed that the DAMP group’s ADHD total decreased statistically significantly (p≤0,05)
(51,14 to 23,07) after vision therapy had been received. Both the DAMP and DCD groups improved statistically (p≤0,05) and practically (d≤0,8) significantly as far as their MABC total and its three subsections were concerned after vision therapy had been received. The results also showed that the
DAMP group showed a statistically significant (p≤0,05) higher mean value during the pre–test in section 5 (13,93 as opposed to 5,28) of the MABC checklist, which analyses behaviour, compared to the DCD group. The mean values of both groups for behaviour improved statistically significantly (p≤0,05) after vision therapy had been received, with a statistically significant bigger improvement in the behaviour of the DAMP group. On the basis of the above–mentioned results, it
can be concluded that vision therapy does indeed have value and can be recommended for schoolage children diagnosed with DCD and DAMP, who also display poor ocular motor control and behavioural problems.Doctora
'n Motoriese, fisieke en liggaamsamestellingsprofiel en die effek van 'n perseptueel–motoriese ontwikkelingsprogram by graad 1–leerders in die Noordwes–Provinsie
Full text linkThesis (PhD (Human Movement Sciences))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2013Several researchers have reported that the perceptual-motor skills of today’s children are not optimally developed. Furthermore, childhood obesity has increased worldwide and is a cause for concern due to the effect that it has on the present and future public health of children. Childhood obesity has a bearing on a rise in chronic paediatric diseases and an increase in hypertension, as well as on motor and physical deficits. In
spite of the inadequate perceptual-motor development that is reported, few studies have been reported that examine the effect of school-based movement development programmes to improve the motor proficiency of school beginners. Firstly, in this thesis, an attempt was made to establish a general profile of the motor proficiency of Grade 1 learners in the North West Province of South Africa, and to determine possible gender and racial differences. Secondly, the relationship between the body composition and blood pressure of Grade 1 learners was
examined. Thirdly, the relationship between the body composition and motor, physical and object control skills of these learners was examined. The fourth objective was to determine the effect of school-based movement development programmes on the perceptual-motor proficiency of Grade 1 learners. For objectives one to three, data were collected by means of a stratified randomised sample of 816 Grade 1 learners (419 boys, 397 girls) with a mean age of 6,78 years (+ 0,49) who participated in the NW-CHILD study. The short form of the “Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2” (Bruininks & Bruininks, 2005), which consists of eight subcomponents, was used to determine the learners’ motor proficiency and the “Test of Gross Motor Development-2” was used to determine the learners’ object control skills. Stature, body
mass, skinfolds (subscapular, triceps and calf) and waist circumference were measured according to standard kinantropometric protocols. International cut-off points for body mass index (BMI) were used to classify learners in normal, overweight or obese categories. Blood pressure was measured by means of an Omron 705CP-II. With regard to objective 1, it appeared from the results, which were analysed with descriptive statistics and testing, and by making use of the Statistica computer program, that Grade 1 learners exhibit below average (49,63%) to average (48,16%) motor proficiency. The poorest skills exhibited by the learners were in
strength, fine motor integration and fine motor precision. The motor proficiency of the boys was mostly average (63,96%) as opposed to that of the girls, which was largely classified as below average (64,74%),
although the girls’ manual dexterity and bilateral co-ordination was significantly better compared to the boys. The motor proficiency of most of the white children was average (69,27%), compared to 58,73% of the black children, whose motor proficiency was below average. White children performed significantly better in fine motor precision, fine motor integration, manual dexterity, bilateral co-ordination, upper limb co-ordination and strength skills, and black children in balancing and running speed and agility skills. Concerning objective 2, it appeared from the results, which were analysed with descriptive statistics, the
Spearman correlation coefficients and one-way analysis of variance, that the overall incidence of prehypertension and hypertension was 8,5% and 24,9% respectively. Both systolic and diastolic blood
pressure exhibited a significant relationship with BMI, body fat percentage and waist circumference. Boys and girls exhibited the same incidence of hypertension. A higher percentage of the black children were
hypertensive compared to the white children, although the difference in the blood pressure of the groups was not significant. A high percentage of children of normal weight also exhibited high levels of blood pressure. As far as objective 3 is concerned, it appeared from the results, which were analysed with descriptive
statistics, Spearman correlation coefficients and one-way analysis of variance, that 1 out of every 10 learners (11,64%) was overweight (7,84%) or obese (3,80%). Fine motor precision, balance, running speed, agility
and strength exhibited a significant relationship with body mass index (p<0.05), while no clear relationship was found between object control skills, upper limb co-ordination and body mass index. For objective 4, two schools were selected from the total sample in one urban area, which consisted of 75 learners (school 1=40 and school 2=35) who had a mean age of 6,66 years (+ 0,24) and who participated in
two different perceptual-motor movement development programmes. The perceptual-motor movement development programme of School 1 was based on a process-oriented approach, as opposed to the programme of School 2, which was based on a product-oriented approach. Motor proficiency was measured by making use of the short form of the “Bruininks-Oseretsky Test of Motor Proficiency-2”. The results, which were analysed with descriptive statistics, independent t-testing and a covariance of analysis, showed that both movement development programmes contributed to significant improvements in some of the motor proficiency sub-components. However, the process-oriented movement programme contributed to a greater extent to improvement on an individual level, which was attributed to the improved underlying neurological processes of motor proficiency and bilateral integration that underwent improvement as a result, while the level of motor proficiency mastery of the product-oriented movement development programme remained unchanged. On the grounds of the above results it is advised that educators, such as the Physical Education teachers who work with Grade 1 learners, take note of the possible deficits with regard to motor proficiency, overweight
and obesity, and implement suitable intervention programmes, taking into consideration the gender and racial specific differences that were found in this study. The measuring of blood pressure for basic screening purposes is important in the child population and interventions that include physical activity are advised to reduce the potential cardiovascular complications of obesity amongst children. It could also be recommended that school-based movement development programmes, which are presented by specialists, be implemented
in order to improve the motor proficiency of Grade 1 learners and to also contribute to the improvement of the skills of learners with perceptual-motor and physical proficiency problems.Doctora
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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