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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Trifluoromethylated quaternary amino acids incorporation to quantify and control the secondary structure of molecular architectures.
No full textLes oligomères d’acide α aminoisobutyrique (Aib) sont connus pour se structurer en hélices 310 stables. Ces oligomères présentent un ratio 1:1 d’hélice gauche et droite résultant du caractère achiral de l’Aib. Par introduction d’un résidu chiral nommé contrôleur au sein de la chaîne peptidique, un sens d’hélicité préférentiel gauche ou droit est induit. Le sens d’hélicité est alors attribué par dichroïsme circulaire et peut être quantifié par l’intermédiaire d’un reporteur RMN présent dans la chaîne peptidique. Ces systèmes ont fait l’objet de nombreuses études pour rendre compte de la capacité des résidus chiraux étudiés à stabiliser la structure secondaire des foldamères et induire le meilleur excès d’hélicité possible. La nature du contrôleurs (tertiaire ou quaternaire), leur stéréochimie, leur localisation dans la chaîne peptidique ou encore leur nombre font partie des paramètres qui ont été particulièrement étudiés. La capacité des reporteurs RMN (1H, 13C ou 19F) à rendre compte du sens préférentiel d’hélicité a également été étudié. En parallèle, l'atome de fluor s’est imposé comme un élément clé en chimie organique ces dernières années, dès lors incontournable dans l'industrie pharmaceutique. L'introduction d'atomes de fluor permet de moduler les propriétés biophysiques et chimiques des biomolécules. Par ailleurs, les groupements fluorés peuvent induire des contraintes conformationnelles mais aussi être utilisés comme sonde RMN du fluor 19F pour l’étude de systèmes dynamiques.L'objectif de cette thèse est d’étudier l’impact du fluor dans de nouvelles architectures moléculaires incorporant chaque énantiomère de l’α trifluorométhylalanine (α TfmAla) afin de contrôler leur structure secondaire et également de quantifier l’impact conformationnel du résidu fluoré chiral par RMN du fluor 19F. En s'appuyant sur l'expertise du groupe dans la synthèse d'acides aminés fluorés et leur incorporation dans des peptides, trois séries d’oligomères d’Aib fluorés ont été rationnellement conçues. La première série a été conçue pour étudier le caractère bimodal du groupement fluoré. L’incorporation d’une seule α TfmAla à différentes positions au sein d’un tétramère d’Aib a permis de rendre compte du contrôle exercé par ce résidu fluoré mais aussi, de quantifier par utilisation de la RMN du fluor 19F la force/magnitude de ce contrôle. La seconde série avait pour objectif d’évaluer le caractère coopératif (match) ou non-coopératif (mismatch) d’une paire de résidus α TfmAla chiraux lorsque ces derniers sont incorporés à chaque extrémité d’un chaîne oligomérique d’Aib. Enfin, la troisième série correspond à des architectures dites « super hélice 310 » capables d’induire une face fluorée. Pour ce faire, les résidus α TfmAla chirales ont été introduits tous les trois résidus d’un heptapeptide afin de respecter la symétrie axiale des hélices 310 qui comportent 3 résidus par tour. Les études conformationnelles ont été menées par des expériences de RMN, de dichroïsme circulaire et par résolution cristallographique aux rayons X. Les résultats ont permis de mettre en lumière la versatilité et le caractère bimodale de l’α TfmAla comme inducteur et reporteur d’hélicité dans des oligomères d’Aib.Α-Aminoisobutyric acid (Aib) oligomers are known to adopt stable 310 helices. These oligomers exhibit a 1:1 ratio of left- and right-handed helices due to the achiral nature of Aib. By introducing a chiral residue known as controller into the peptide chain, a preferential screw-sense either left- or right-handed is induced. The helical screw-sense is then determined by circular dichroism and can be quantified using an NMR reporter incorporated in the peptide chain. These systems have been extensively studied to assess the ability of chiral residues to stabilize the secondary structure of foldamers and induce the highest helical excess. The nature of the controllers (tertiary or quaternary), their stereochemistry, their position in the peptide chain, and their number are among the parameters that have been particularly investigated. The ability of NMR reporters (1H, 13C or 19F) to assess the preferential screw-sense has also been studied. Meanwhile, fluorine has become a key element in organic chemistry in recent years and is now indispensable in the pharmaceutical industry. The introduction of fluorine atoms allows modulation of the biophysical and chemical properties of biomolecules. In addition, fluorinated groups can induce conformational constraints and can also be used as 19F fluorine NMR probes for the study of dynamic systems.The aim of this thesis is to study fluorine impact into new molecular architectures incorporating each enantiomer of α trifluoromethylalanine (α TfmAla) in order to control their secondary structure and also to quantify the conformational impact of the chiral fluorinated residue by 19F fluorine NMR. Based on the group expertise in the synthesis of fluorinated amino acids and their incorporation into peptides, three series of fluorinated Aib oligomers were rationally designed. The first was designed to study the bimodal nature of the fluorinated group. Incorporating a single α TfmAla at different positions within an Aib allowed to demonstrate the control exerted by this fluorinated residue and to quantify the strength/magnitude of this control using 19F NMR spectroscopy. The second series aimed to evaluate the cooperative (match) or non-cooperative (mismatch) nature of a pair of chiral α TfmAla residues when incorporated at each end of an Aib oligomeric chain. Finally, the third series consists of so-called "super 310 helix" architectures capable of inducing a fluorinated face. To achieve this, chiral α TfmAla residues were introduced every three residues in a heptapeptide to maintain the axial symmetry of the 310 helices, which comprise 3 residues per turn. Conformational studies were carried out using NMR, circular dichroism, and X-ray crystallographic resolution experiments. The results highlighted the versatility and bimodal nature of α TfmAla as a fluorinated chiral inducer and reporter of helicity in Aib oligomers
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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