1,721,009 research outputs found
Nation: its ontology and identity
Get PDFThis project investigates the ontology and identity of nations. Drawing from the thought experiment “The ship of Theseus” and some recent literatures on group metaphysics, I explore the domain of nations. There are two major enquiries: One, what is a nation? Second, how does a nation maintain its identity over time, despite all the changes it has undergone? I propose a perdurantist (worm theoretical) approach to understanding nations. I argue that a nation is a four-dimensional worm, which has stages as temporal parts. The stages have combinations of the people, the territory and the state as components. Social treatments (e.g. collective intentionality, joint commitment, mental file…etc) are required to bind these stages together
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
The semantics of nominal and clausal embedding: how (not) to embed a clause and why
No full textThere is a large class of verbs in English which can embed either a
nominal or a clause.
(1) a. Copernicus announced/believes/clarified/discovered/explained
[CP that the earth revolves around the sun]. b. Copernicus
announced/believes/clarified/discovered/explained [DP the theory].
These clause embedding verbs (CEVs) have been a focus for several
strands of recent and not-so-recent work in both Linguistics and
Philosophy. In Linguistics these verbs have been of interest to
theories of argument selection (Grimshaw (1990), Pesetsky (1996))
and semantic composition (Kratzer (2006)), since CPs are
non-prototypical arguments from either a semantic or syntactic
perspective. These verbs have also long been important to
Philosophers of Language interested in the role that ‘propositions’,
which under the standard account are the denotation of these
‘that-clause’ (TC) CPs, play in the semantics of ‘propositional
attitude reports’ and related modal and intensional constructions
(Prior (1971), King (2002), Moltmann (2003)).
This thesis argues for a novel account of the compositional semantics
of CEVs which takes TCs to denote properties of contentful
individuals that have two pathways to combine with a CEV, either
through restriction or saturation of an internal argument. This
account builds heavily on the Predicativist proposal of (Kratzer
(2006), Moulton (2009, 2015)) which treats TCs as semantically
predicates, in contrast to the standard view in which they denote
propositions. Crucially for such an account TCs are not treated as
thematic arguments of CEVs, but as modifiers of their objects. I
argue that this theory is fundamentally correct, but that empirical observations about the behaviour of ‘presuppositional’ CEVs with
respect to their available substitutions (Bach (1997)) and entailments
(Uegaki (2015)) demonstrate the need to modify the theory further.
The modification that I suggest exploits a recent, independent
syntactic argument which demonstrates that some TC complements
to CEVs are not bare CPs, but CPs headed by a covert determiner
(Kastner 2015). I argue that augmenting the Predicativist semantic
proposal with this syntactic claim, along with standard
compositional tools allows us to explain a variety of data which was
puzzling under pre-existing theories. The presuppositional DPs that
result from combining a covert determiner with a predicative clause
(denoting some definite individual with the proposition inside the
embedded clause as its content) compose with the CEV by saturating
its internal argument position, unlike the bare CPs which combine
by restricting it. The new proposal has the advantage of capturing
the classic puzzles for CEVs, including the entailment failures which
were difficult for the unaugmented Predicativist account, whilst also
being the result of a natural extension of standard compositional
semantics for definite DPs with embedded nominas.
This approach also provides novel insights into generalisations from
the linguistic literature on argument selection and case, as it makes
concrete predictions about how clausal ‘arguments’ interact with the
case and theta systems. These predictions can be tested against a
number of classically difficult phenomenon like experiencer predicates
(Reinhart (2003)) and the verb ‘explain’ (Pietroski (2000)). I
demonstrate how these predictions are borne out, supporting the
proposal and advancing our understanding of these topics.
The thesis is structured as follows: Chapter 1 presents a series of
puzzles derived from TC and DP embedding under CEVs, namely,
Quantificational inferences, Fine-grained semantic selectional
restrictions, the variability of attitudinal objects, and content noun entailment patterns. I argue that no existing account is capable of
explaining all of these puzzles, and that the dominant
Propositionalist theory must be mistaken in several of its key
assumptions. In Chapter 2 I introduce the alternative Predicativist
account of the semantics of TCs (Kratzer (2006), Moulton (2009,
2015)), discuss the motivations for such an account, and I provide a
novel argument for the position based on copula constructions with
post-copula TCs. I then show how this theory accounts for most of
the puzzles introduced in chapter 1, but cannot deal with the
entailment failures of a certain subclass of CEVs. Chapter 3 then
suggests that this class of entailment failing verbs is coextensive with
the class of verbs identified in Kastner (2015) as selecting for TCs
which are syntactically DPs and interpreted as presuppositional. I
provide evidence for this analysis and discuss some cross-linguistic
analogues with overt determiners with CP complements. I then
propose a compositional semantics for these presuppositional TCs
adapted from the Predicativist account argued for in chapter 2. I
then show how the resultant account resolves all of the empirical
puzzles set up in chapter 1, without introducing any new syntactic or
semantic machinery that has not already been independently
proposed. Chapter 4 explores the predictions and consequences of
this theory for other domains of the selection literature, in particular
relating to ECM, factivity, question-embedding, communicatives,
and experiencer alternations. I argue that the proposal meshes well
with existing proposals about how to understand case-assignment
and argumenthood (Stowell (1982)). In the conclusion I discuss some
consequences for the Philosophical literature on propositional
attitudes, and present cross-linguistic and historical evidence for the
plausibility of my account which invite future empirical work on the
topi
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
- …
