1,721,030 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
Role of cutaneous antisepsis in the prevention of complications related to peripheral venous catheters
No full textLes cathéters veineux périphériques (CVP) sont un outil indispensable à la médecine moderne, rien qu’en France cela représente plus de 20 millions de CVP vendus par an. Malgré cette utilité indéniable les échecs de cathéters sont extrêmement fréquents, et responsable de désagrément pour le patient, l’équipe soignante, et le système de soins. Les causes de ces échecs peuvent être infectieuses, mécaniques ou vasculaires, et surviennent dans 35 à 50% des cas dans les études. Pour éviter ces complications, différentes stratégies existent, qu’elles soient antiseptiques, ou liées aux matériaux. Malheureusement la littérature sur le sujet ne permet pas toujours de choisir la stratégie la plus efficiente. L’objectif de ce travail était de proposer une réflexion globale sur les CVP, leurs complications, les stratégies permettant de les réduire, et l’impact de ces stratégies sur le microbiote. Nous avons d’abord comparé plusieurs antiseptiques pour les complications infectieuses des CVP, avec des résultats en faveur de la Chlorhexidine en milieu alcoolique (CHX – OH) par rapport à la Povidone iodée en milieu alcoolique (PVI - OH). Dans un second travail nous avons étudié l’Hypochlorite de Sodium (HS) en milieu aqueux, précédé ou non d’une application d’alcool. Les résultats étaient identiques en termes de colonisation, mais rapporté à la durée de cathétérisme, les complications étaient moindres dans le bras HS sans alcool. Par ailleurs les taux de colonisation (en cathéter-jours) étaient proches de ceux de la PVI-OH, appelant à d’autres études. Dans un second temps nous avons étudiés différents types de cathéters, simple ou intégrés, avec comme critère de jugement la durée de cathéterisation. Les cathéters intégrés comprenaient un cathéter avec prolongateur intégré, ailettes de stabilisation, valves bidirectionnelles avec bouchons imprégnés, et des seringues pré remplies de NaCl 0,9% pour le rinçage. Les résultats étaient en faveur des cathéters intégrés, dont l’impact sur la diminution des complications permettaient une durée de cathétérisme augmentée de près de 20 heures, en diminuant les complications de type occlusion et déplacement. Bien conscient que chaque progrès serait jugé également en fonction du cout financier, nous avons mené une étude médico-économique. Nous avons d’abord estimé le cout des différents cathéters et de leurs complications, dans notre système de soins Français. Cette phase était indispensable au vu des variabilités importantes dans la littérature internationale et l’absence de données en France. Puis nous avons utilisés ce travail pour créer une modélisation de soins qui a permis de montrer le bénéfice par patient à utiliser ces cathéters intégrés, certes plus cher de base, mais un surcout rapidement contrebalancé par l’augmentation de la durée de cathétérisme. Enfin nous avons mené une étude s’intéressant à l’impact des antiseptiques sur le microbiote cutané des patients. Cette étude a permis de montrer une modification de la représentation bactérienne engendrée, sans impact sur la diversité du microbiote. Cette modification de la représentation bactérienne n’était pas la même selon l’antiseptique utilisé. Ces études permettent une évaluation des CVP et des complications en lien, de manière globale, ce qui est indispensable au vu de la complexité des phénomènes étudiés, et du niveau d’intrication des complications. Nos résultats permettent de faire des propositions sur les stratégies à même de diminuer ces complications, tout en permettant d’économiser de l’argent pour le système de soins. Enfin, notre étude sur le microbiote, qui est la première à s’intéresser à cette problématique sous cet angle, apporte des informations nouvelles sur l’utilisation des antiseptiques, et les conséquences sur le microbiote cutané. Encore beaucoup de points nécessitent d’être explorés, via des études à venir.Peripheral venous catheters (PVC) are an indispensable tool in modern medicine. In France alone, more than 20 million PVC are sold each year. Despite this undeniable usefulness, catheter failures are extremely frequent, and are responsible for inconveniences for the patient, the healthcare team, and the healthcare system. The causes of these failures can be infectious, mechanical, or vascular, and occur in 35 to 50% of cases in studies. To avoid these complications, different strategies exist, whether antiseptic or related to materials. Unfortunately, the literature on the subject does not always allow to choose the most efficient strategy. The objective of this work was to propose a global reflection on PVC, their complications, strategies to reduce them, and the impact of these strategies on the microbiota.We first compared several antiseptics for the infectious complications of PVC, with results in favor of Chlorhexidine plus alcohol (CHX - OH) compared to Povidone iodine plus alcohol (PVI - OH). In a second work we studied Sodium Hypochlorite (SH) in aqueous solution, preceded or not by an application of alcohol. The results were identical in terms of colonization, but in relation to the duration of catheterization, the complications were less in the HS arm without alcohol. Moreover, the colonization rates (in catheter-days) were close to those of PVI-OH, calling for further studies.In a second time, we studied different types of catheters, simple or integrated, with the duration of catheterization as outcome. The integrated catheters included a catheter with an integrated extension, stabilization fins, needleless-connector with disinfected caps, and syringes prefilled with 0.9% NaCl for flushing. The results were in favor of the integrated catheters, whose impact on the reduction of complications allowed an increase in catheterization time of nearly 20 hours, while reducing complications such as occlusion and displacement.Well aware that each progress would also be judged according to the financial cost, we conducted a medico-economic study. We first estimated the cost of the various catheters and their complications, in our French healthcare system. This phase was essential in view of the significant variability in the international literature and the absence of data in France. We then used this work to create a model of care that showed the benefit per patient of using these integrated catheters, which are certainly more expensive, but an additional cost that is rapidly counterbalanced by the increase in catheterization time.Finally, we conducted a study on the impact of antiseptics on the skin microbiota of patients. This study showed a modification of the bacterial representation generated, without impact on the diversity of the microbiota. This modification of the bacterial representation was not the same according to the antiseptic used.These studies allow an evaluation of PVC and related complications in a global view, which is essential in view of the complexity of the phenomena studied, and the level of intricacy of the complications. Our results allow us to make proposals on strategies to reduce these complications, while saving money for the healthcare system. Finally, our study on the microbiota, which is the first to address this issue from this angle, provides new information on the use of antiseptics, and the consequences on the skin microbiota. There are still many points that need to be explored in future studies
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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