1,720,956 research outputs found
Advances in cancer therapy: Novel approaches in combined drug treatments
No full textDrug resistance and poor efficacy of anticancer therapies prompt to investigate innovative therapeutic strategies aimed to improving efficacy and lowering toxicity. Recent advances in chemotherapeutics have been achieved using specific pharmaceutical combinations or ameliorating drug delivery by drug encapsulation. Novel combined treatments are based on the use of drugs, typically natural active or intended for other uses combined with the classical anti-cancer drug. These compounds promote synergistic effects even more enhanced when drug delivery is achieved by nanocarriers. Nanotechnologies provide a site-specific delivery at the tumor site, resulting from receptor-mediated endocytosis and prolonged circulation time. Nanocarriers also increase drug bioavailability and biocompatibility contributing to a drug increase inside the tumor and determining a minor toxicity and a better efficacy. This chapter reports recent findings about novel anticancer combined treatments and about the latest drug delivery systems based on the use of nanocarriers
Combined anticancer therapies: An overview of the latest applications
No full textTumor resistance and low drug efficacy prompt to investigate new therapeutic strategies that have high efficacy and low toxicity, especially for cancers with poor prognosis. This goal has been recently achieved using particular pharmaceutical combination or nanotechnologies to specifically deliver drugs at the tumor site. Novel combined treatments employ either naturally active ingredients or drugs already intended for other uses, with the aim to increase cell sensitivity to therapy and reduce drug toxicity. Combined treatments usually improve the overall therapeutic efficacy of the single drug. Drug–drug interactions allow synergistic effects. Several evidences indicate that synergy can be affected by drug–drug ratio and drug administration order. Therapeutic efficacy can be enhanced through drug entrapment in nanocarriers that allow a site-specific targeting, resulting in a build-up of the drug in the tumor with a significant toxicity reduction. Several studies investigated combined entrapment of two or more drugs each one characterized by different mechanisms of action. These nanosystems improve synergistic efficacy and could be a device to resolve toxicity and multi-drug resistance. Nano-encapsulation of anticancer agents by targeting specific tumor tissues significantly optimizes drug bioavailability, biocompatibility and therapeutic efficacy. The efficacy of these formulations results from receptor-mediated endocytosis and prolonged circulation time. Drug encapsulation also allows using limited final concentration while avoiding its activity within the blood circulation. In this review we report recent findings about novel combined treatment focusing on synergistic effects and mechanisms of action. We will also overview the latest drug delivery system and their therapeutic benefits in cancer treatment
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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