1,720,968 research outputs found
Upgrading or polarization? Occupational change in Italy, 1992-2015|QUALIFICAZIONE O POLARIZZAZIONE? IL MUTAMENTO DELLA STRUTTURA OCCUPAZIONALE in ITALIA, 1992-2015
No full textThis paper refers the debate on the occupational change, based on the contraposition between the theories of upgrading and polarization of the labor market, to Italy. The Italian labor market is characterized by some peculiar features that make it an interesting (and underrated) case study. Hence, the goal is analysing the employment change trajectories in Italy from 1992 to 2015, taking into particular account gender and territorial area of the worker (two dimensions of internal inequalities). Furthermore, I distinguish a pre-crisis from a post-crisis period, so to pick the effects of the Great Recession on the dynamics under analysis. In order to consider the multidimensionality of the concept of job quality I adopt a «multi-indicator» approach, defining the quality of each job by means of five different indicators. Results show that the economic crisis has interrupted the process of occupational upgrading, fostering the occupation also in unqualified sectors of the demand and shaping the labor market into the «hourglass» structure theorized by the polarization trend. The analysis, dissect-ed by gender and territorial area, allows further reflections about the drivers of the occupational change in the temporal span under analysis
The social stratification of access to long-term care in later life. The Italian case|La stratificazione sociale nell'accesso alle cure di lungo termine in età anziana in Italia
No full textItaly is a frontrunner in the process of population ageing, which is affecting most high-income countries in Europe and elsewhere. Increasing longevity, paired with decreasing fertility and a much slower pace in the reduction of later life morbidity, has and will lead to an increasing mismatch between long-term care needs and resources. Within this context, it is important to understand the extent to which (scarce) care resources are distributed in society. As a matter of fact, inequality in access to long-term care in later life can add to pre-existing inequalities and further aggravate already existing disadvantages. In the present paper, we present a systematic review of existing studies focusing on the social stratification of access to long-term care among the older Italian population. Three dimensions of social stratification are considered: education, income, and wealth. Previous results suggest that education is a key factor in the unequal distribution of care resources, especially in terms of formal care. Regarding access to informal care and the role of income and wealth, previous literature reports mixed findings. The review also identifies several significant limitations in previous studies on the topi
Job quality in the platform economy: From right to service|La qualità del lavoro nella platform economy: Da diritto a servizio
No full textThe platform economy represents a new phase in the transformation of the organization and regulation of work, characterized by an increasing tendency to generate non-standard and flexible job that continue to stay outside the traditional forms of identification, protection and contractualization of labor. The aim of our analysis is to evaluate the impact of the platform paradigm on job quality of work by adopting the OECD Job Quality Framework within a qualitative research design based on the triangulation of data sources relating to various forms of platform work in Italy. The analysis highlights the diversification of risk profiles among platform workers and the platform’s tendency to transform the quality of work from a right to a service provided to users
Many-body quantum heat engines based on free fermion systems
No full textWe study the performances of an imperfect quantum many-body Otto engine based on free fermion systems. Starting from the thermodynamic definitions of heat and work along ideal isothermal, adiabatic, and isochoric transformations, we generalize these expressions in the case when the hypotheses of ideality are relaxed (i.e., nonperfect thermalization with the external baths, as well as nonperfect quantum adiabaticity in the unitary dynamic protocols). These results are used to evaluate the work and the power delivered by an imperfect quantum many-body heat engine in a finite time, whose working substance is constituted by a quantum Ising chain in a transverse field. We discuss the emerging optimal working points as functions of the various model parameters
Migration, Class Attainment and Social Mobility : An Analysis of Migrants’ Socio-Economic Integration in Italy
No full textThis article focuses on the socio-economic integration of ethnic minorities in Italy, combining the literature on migration with research on social stratification. We analyse the ethnic penalty on occupational attainment and career mobility, integrating the origin–education–destination theoretical framework with the migration status. Since ethnic penalty is an ‘umbrella concept’, we also quantify the extent to which it is mediated by differences in education and social origin. Furthermore, adopting a diachronic view of migrants’ class attainment, we verify whether the post-migration downgrading is followed by a recovery during the career, considering also mobility within the working class (standard and non-standard). Our analyses are based on the Multipurpose Survey on Households and Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens. The results show that migrants are penalized in the Italian labour market, remaining largely ‘trapped’ in the working class. This inclusion at the bottom of the class structure reduces their heterogeneity by education and by social origin. Moreover, their penalty increases during the career, except when they move from the non-standard to the standard working class. Finally, we find that the ‘unexplained’ component of ethnic penalty, net of education and social origin, is substantial and increases from the first to the current job
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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