1,720,966 research outputs found
Evoluzione di un paesaggio forestale mediterraneo e periurbano. Il caso della Tenuta presidenziale di Castelporziano
Full text linkIl paesaggio forestale è al centro delle politiche europee di salvaguardia dell’ambiente e della biodiversità, in quanto contribuisce allo sviluppo sostenibile e al contrasto dei cambiamenti climatici. Ciò è riconducibile ai servizi ecosistemici che il suo capitale naturale fornisce alla società. La ricerca si dedica perciò all’individuazione dei principali fattori di rischio per la conservazione di questi ambienti sia a scala globale, ma anche soprattutto a scala locale dove si può constatare come specifici ecosistemi siano legati a forme storiche di paesaggio. Molti ambienti forestali del vecchio continente, infatti, si sono coevoluti con l’uomo, rispondendo a innumerevoli funzioni, ma tramandando, grazie alla loro resilienza paesaggistica, peculiari connotati identitari dei luoghi. Un caso emblematico di tutto ciò è lo storico paesaggio laurentino dell’Ager Laurens, tra Roma e il mare, conservatosi all’interno della Tenuta presidenziale di Castelporziano e assediato dalla città che vi si è sviluppata intorno.
Studiare la storia e l’evoluzione paesaggistica dell’area, consentendo di attestare la resilienza di queste foreste negli ultimi tremila anni, grazie a fonti storiche e cartografiche che affondano le proprie radici nella mitologia classica, è stato il presupposto per affermare la necessità di interventi volti alla sua conservazione, in linea con gli obiettivi sanciti dai Presidenti della Repubblica nel 1999 e rinnovati nel 2020. A tal fine è stato condotto, per due anni e in una rete permanente, il monitoraggio dei fenomeni di rinnovazione naturale del querceto planiziale di caducifoglie, una delle componenti naturalistiche di maggior pregio e allo stesso tempo più minacciata nell’ambito costiero mediterraneo, ancor più se periurbano. Strumento fondamentale di approfondimento è stata inoltre la raccolta e l’analisi di dati storici presenti e quelli delle serie storiche meteo-climatiche. Dalle analisi dei dati è emerso uno stato di conservazione critico per il querceto, sia nella senescenza degli individui adulti che nella quasi assenza di rinnovazione naturale che sopravvive al secondo-terzo anno. Ciò è correlato in primo luogo alla numerosità della fauna selvatica, seguita dall’elevata densità della copertura arborea e infine al maggiore stress idrico e richiede interventi di gestione sostenibile integrata più incisivi e costanti nel tempo.The forest landscape is at the centre of European policies related to the protection of the environment and biodiversity, as it contributes to sustainable development and the fight against climate change. This is due to the ecosystem services that its natural capital provides to society. The aim of the research is to identify the main risk factors for the protection of the natural environments on a global scale and, above all, on a local scale where it can be seen how specific ecosystems are linked to historical landscape. Many forest environments of the old continent have undoubtedly co-evolved with man, responding to countless functions but simultaneously, thanks to their landscape resilience, handing down peculiar identity-related connotations of the places.
A case in point is that of the historic Laurentian landscape of Ager Laurens, between Rome and the sea, preserved within the presidential estate of Castelporziano and under threat by the city that has developed around it. Studying the history and landscape evolution of the area, that has made it possible to attest the resilience of these forests over the last three thousand years, and thanks to historical and cartographic sources, which have their roots in classical mythology, was the prerequisite for affirming the need for interventions aimed at its conservation, in line with the objectives established by the Presidents of the Republic in 1999 and renewed in 2020. For that purpose, during two years and in a permanent network, was conducted the monitoring of the phenomena of natural renewal of the planitial deciduous oak forest, one of the most valuable naturalistic components and at the same time most threatened in the Mediterranean coastal area, even more if peri-urban. Furthermore, essential analyzing and study tools was the collection and analysis of historical data and climatic series. The analysis shows that the oak forest face a critical conservation status, both on the senescence of adult individuals and the almost total absence of natural renewal that survives the second-third year. This is attributable firstly to the abundance of wildlife, followed by the high density of the tree cover and finally to the greater water stress and requires more incisive and constant integrated sustainable management interventions over time.El paisaje forestal está en el centro de las políticas europeas de protección del medio ambiente y la biodiversidad, ya que contribuye al desarrollo sostenible y a la lucha contra el cambio climático. Esto se debe a los servicios ecosistémicos que su capital natural ofrece a la sociedad. La investigación, por tanto, se dedica a identificar los principales factores de riesgo para la conservación de estos entornos tanto a escala global, como a escala local, donde se puede ver cómo los ecosistemas específicos están vinculados a formas históricas de paisaje. De hecho, muchos ambientes forestales del viejo continente han co-evolucionado con los seres humanos, respondiendo a innumerables funciones y transmitiendo, gracias a su resiliencia paisajística, características peculiares identificativas de los lugares. Un caso emblemático es el histórico paisaje laurentino de los ager laurens, entre Roma y el mar, conservado dentro de la finca presidencial de Castelporziano y asediado por la ciudad que se ha desarrollado a su alrededor. Estudiar la historia y la evolución paisajística de la zona, que permita atestiguar la resiliencia de estos bosques durante los últimos tres mil años, gracias a fuentes históricas y cartográficas que tienen sus raíces en la mitología clásica, fue el requisito previo para afirmar la necesidad de intervenciones destinadas a su conservación, en línea con los objetivos establecidos por los Presidentes de la República en 1999 y renovados en 2020. Para ello, durante dos años y en una red permanente, se llevó a cabo el seguimiento de los fenómenos de renovación natural del robledal caducifolio llano, uno de los componentes naturalistas más valiosos y a la vez más amenazado del litoral mediterráneo, aún más si es periurbano. Una herramienta fundamental para el análisis fue la recopilación y análisis de los datos históricos y meteorológicos. Del análisis de los datos surgió un estado de conservación crítico para el robledal, tanto en la senescencia de los individuos adultos como en la casi ausencia de renovación natural que sobrevive al segundo-tercer año. Esto es atribuible en primer lugar a la abundancia de vida silvestre, seguida de la alta densidad de la cobertura arbórea y finalmente al mayor estrés hídrico que requiere intervenciones de manejo sustentable integrado más incisivas y constantes en el tiempo
The assessment of aesthetic and perceptual aspects within environmental impact assessment of renewable energy projects in Italy
No full textThemain aimof this paper is to explore howperceptual and aesthetic impact analyses are considered in Environmental
Impact Assessment (EIA), with specific reference to Italian renewable energy projects. To investigate this
topic, the paper starts by establishingwhich factors are linkedwith perceptual and aesthetic impacts andwhy it is
important to analyze these aspects,which are also related to legislative provisions and procedures in Europe and
in Italy. In particular the paper refers to renewable energy projects because environmental policies are encouraging
more and more investment in this kind of primary resource. The growing interest in this type of energy is
leading to the realization of projects which change the governance of territories, with inevitable effects on the
landscape fromthe aesthetic and perceptual points of view. Legislative references to EIA, including the latest directive
regarding this topic show the importance of integrating the assessment of environmental and perceptual
impacts, thus there is a need to improve EIA methodological approaches to this purpose. This paper proposes a
profile of aesthetic and perceptual impact analysis in EIA for renewable energy projects in Italy, and concludes
with recommendations as to how this kind of analysis could be improved
Land Use, Phosphorus Pollution and Risk Assessment for the Bolsena Lake (Italy). An Estimation Using Remote Sensing and Multi Criteria Analysis
No full textThis study aims to assess the sustainability of the Land Use (LU) in the water basin of Bolsena Lake (Italy), by measurement of eutrophication status. The total annual phosphorus (P) load was quantified using the simulation model Groundwater Leaching Effects of Agricultural Management Systems (GLEAMS). The Multi-Criteria Analysis (MCA), conducted in accordance to the fuzzy logic, has allowed us to define the Risk Map that shows areas of environmental vulnerability with regards to eutrophication processes. Finally, areas were identified through meta-planning to introduce BMPs (Best Management Practices), that represent a useful tool to reduce nutrients loads, that reach the water body causing eutrophication. The main results obtained show that the total (P) produced in the water basin is 92 tons/year, while four Risk classes were defined according to their vulnerability of the territory to release nutrients. A detailed phytodepuration plan were proposed, that could reduce from 30% to 60% the phosphorus load per year. Both the GLEAMS model and the MCA are found to be essential tools to quantify the factors causing the eutrophication and to identify the most critical areas
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
ESTIMATING VULNERABILITY OF WATER BODY USING SENTINEL-2 IMAGES AND PREDICTIVE EUTROPHICATION MODELS: the STUDY CASE OF BRACCIANO LAKE (Italy)
Full text linkDue to the concomitance of several factors related to progressive climate changes and to increased water management for anthropogenic usage, drastic fall in level of Bracciano Lake was reported in the summer of 2017. By November 2017, the water level decreased 0,198 meters below the hydrometric zero established at 163.04 meters s.l.m. Such alarming rate has not been detected in the last seventeen years. The consistent change in water level causes modifications in its environment, on the edge of the coasts and specifically, brings about an increase in the rate of eutrophication (trophic enrichment phenomenon). The determination of the volume of water contained in the lake basin was estimated with GIS tools modeling, by analysing the bathymetry of the water body and applying the supervised classification of Sentinel-2 images; this allowed to identify the reservoir and consequently to reconstruct the course of the coastline. Once defined the hydrometric reduction in the water body for the observed period, the Vollenweider model, that calculates the trophic state of a lake, was used to quantify nutrients concentration and relative increase of eutrophication status as a consequence of the anthropic activities practiced in the belonging basin. The quantification of the water level changes of Bracciano Lake, before and after the hydrometric crisis, occurred in 2017, related to the estimate of the level of eutrophication, allows us to define the degree of vulnerability of the lake ecosystem. The proposed methodology represents an efficient monitoring tool for assessing the vulnerability of water bodies influenced by eutrophication
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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