1,721,043 research outputs found
Il biogas nel piano di azione nazionale per le energie rinnovabili e il parco impianti in Europa e in Italia.
No full textInvolvement of Gut Immune System in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes: detection of T cell reactivity to Gliadin
Full text linkDiversi studi sperimentali hanno evidenziato un possibile ruolo del sistema immune intestinale nella patogenesi del diabete di tipo 1(T1D). Lo scopo del nostro studio è stato quello di evidenziare un possibile link tra il sistema immune intestinale e il T1D, in particolare un possibile ruolo del glutine come antigene T cellulare nel T1D.
Le cellule mononucleate del sangue periferico (PBMC) sono state isolate da 25 bambini con T1D (età da 3.4 a 19.6 anni), da 22 controlli sani (HC) (età da 3.5 a 17 anni) entrambi negativi per gli anticorpi antiendomisio e anti-transglutaminasi e da 15 bambini con malattia celiaca (CD) (età da 2.2 a 13.3 anni). Nella prima parte dello studio, in 6 bambini affetti da T1D, in 5 con CD, e in 6 HC, i PBMC sono stati coltivati con o senza OKT3 e anti-CD28mAb. Dopo 18 ore è stata valutata l’espressione dell’integrina β7 mediante citometria a flusso multiparametrica.
Nei pazienti con T1D abbiamo osservato una alta espressione dell’integrina Beta7 su linfociti T CD4+ con fenotipo di memoria. Dopo attivazione policlonale abbiamo osservato una significativa riduzione dell’espressione dell’integrina Beta7 su linfociti T CD4+ con fenotipo di memoria nei pazienti con T1D rispetto ai controlli.
Nella seconda parte dello studio, i PBMC di 19 bambini con T1D , 10 con CD e 17 HC, sono stati coltivati, a diverse concentrazioni, con/senza un digesto peptico-triptico di gliadina (PTG) e/o con il digesto di gliadina transglutaminata (TG)-PTG. La proliferazione dei PBMC è stata valutata al quinto giorno di coltura tramite la determinazione dell’incorporazione di [3H]-timidina.
E’ stata inoltre valutata, nei sopranatanti delle colture cellulari, la produzione di IFN-gamma e IL-4 mediante metodica ELISA, e l’espressione dell’integrina Beta7 mediante citometria a flusso.
Nei pazienti con T1D abbiamo evidenziato una risposta proliferativa dose-dipendente dei PBMC dopo stimolazione con PTG e/o TG-PTG. In 7 degli 11 pazienti con T1D (64%) abbiamo osservato una risposta proliferativa dopo stimolazione con PTG, con una media di indice di stimolazione (SI) maggiore nei pazienti con T1D rispetto ai controlli (2,95±2 vs.1,3±0,6 rispettivamente, p=0,02).
Quando i PBMC sono stati stimolati con il TG-PTG abbiamo osservato una risposta proliferativa in 6 dei 13 pazienti con T1D (54%) and 2 dei 3 pazienti con CD (67%) (T1D 2,4±2 vs. HC 1,5±0,7).
In 3 dei 7 T1D che hanno risposta alla gliadina (43%), ma in nessun dei controlli sani, la stimolazione con 100 µg/ml TG-PTG ha indotto la produzione di IFN-gamma. In 1 paziente con T1D abbiamo osservato, dopo stimolazione con gliadina, l’induzione di una discreta popolazione di cellule CD4+ con alta espressione dell’integrina β7.
I nostri dati mostrano che cellule T che esprimono alti livelli di integrina β7 sono evidenziabili nel sangue periferico di pazienti con CD and T1D e abbiamo inoltre osservato un aumento della risposta T cellulare glutine-specifica nei pazienti con T1D.
Questi dati supportano l’ipotesi che l’immunità verso antigeni orali è alterata nei pazienti con T1D. E’ tuttavia necessario un lungo follow-up per stabilire se i pazienti con T1D studiati hanno un aumentato rischio di sviluppare la malattia celiaca.Accumulating data indicate that a dysregulation of the gut immune system may play a role in the development of Beta cell autoimmunity and type 1 diabetes (T1D).
The aim of this study was to determine a possible link between the gut immune system and T1D, in particular, a possible role of gliadin as a T cell antigen in human T1D. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were isolated from 25 children with T1D (aged from 3.4 to 19.6 yrs), 22 healthy controls (HC) (aged from 3.5 to 17 yrs), both negative for both anti-endomysial and anti-human tissue transglutaminase antibodies and 15 children with celiac disease (CD) (aged from 2.2 to 13.3 yrs). In the first part of the study, in 6 children with T1D, 5 with CD and in 6 HC, PBMC were cultured with or without OKT3 plus anti-CD28mAb. After 18 hours the expression of β7 integrin was determined by flow cytometry.
In patients with T1D we observed a higher expression of Beta7 integrin on memory CD4+ T cells. After polyclonal stimulation we found a significant reduction of Beta7 expression on memory CD4+ T cell in T1D patients compared with healthy controls.
In the second part of the study, in 19 children with T1D, 10 with CD and in 17 HC, PBMC were cultured with the peptic-tryptic digest of gliadin (PTG) and/or transgluatminase-treated (TG)-PTG at increasing concentrations, or left un-stimulated. PBMC proliferation was assessed on day 5 by [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay.
We also assessed IFN-gamma and IL-4 production in culture supernatants by ELISA and we studied the expression of Beta7 integrin by flow cytometry.
In T1D patients we detected a dose-response PBMC proliferation to both PTG and TG-PTG with the maximal proliferation at the concentration of 100 µg/ml. PBMC from 7 out of 11 T1D patients (64%) responded to 100 µg /ml PTG. Mean stimulation index (SI) in T1D patients was higher than in HC (2,95±2 vs.1,3±0,6 respectively, p=0,02).
When PBMC were stimulated with TG-PTG we found that 6 out of 13 T1D (54%) and 2 out of 3 CD (67%) showed a proliferative response (T1D 2,4±2 vs. HC 1,5±0,7).
In 3 of 7 T1D responders (43%) but not in HC, TG-PTG induced IFN-gamma production. In 1 patient with T1D we identified, after the stimulation with TG-PTG, a discrete population of CD4+ β7hi+ cells.
Our data show that T cells expressing high levels of β7 integrin are detectable in peripheral blood of CD and T1D patients and we found an enhanced T cell-mediated gluten-specific immunity in T1D patients.
This supports the hypothesis that immunity to oral proteins is altered in T1D patients. Long term follow-up is necessary to establish whether these subjects are at increased risk for developing celiac disease
A Multidisciplinary GIS-Based Approach for Mapping Paleoriver Migration: A Case Study of the Serchio River (Lucca Alluvial Plain, Tuscany)
No full textThis paper presents a multidisciplinary study of river migration in alluvial plains. The selected case study is a sector of the Lucca alluvial plain (Tuscany, Central Italy) in which the Serchio River flows. Various types of data were collected, analyzed, and processed using a GIS. In particular, remote sensing imagery of different resolution (aerial orthophotos and satellite images) were processed to enhance buried fluvial features. Detected features were compared with data from stratigraphic investigations, archaeological surveys, geomorphological maps, and previous remote sensing studies. Traces of ancient channels were mapped and compiled in an interactive vector database listing the most important characteristics of each element. Two fluvial channel systems (here called primary and secondary) of differing size (e.g. length and width) were identified. Our analyses confirm the major features of the main paleochannels identified in previous works and enabled the discovery of smaller channels thanks to the higher resolution of the source data. These new traces suggest the existence of a secondary drainage network comprising minor channels of the Serchio River modified by human activity. These secondary paleotraces are possibly linked to channelling for land reclamation purposes beginning in the Roman period, when the alluvial plain was reorganized on the lines of Roman centuriation
Pernice bianca delle Alpi (Lagopus mutus helveticus Thienemann, 1829): uso dello spazio nel periodo riproduttivo in un'area campione del Parco Nazionale dello Stelvio (Sondrio)
No full textImaging of inner ear malformations: a primer for radiologists
Full text linkIn the multidisciplinary management of patients with inner ear malformations (IEMs), the correct diagnosis makes the differences in terms of clinical and surgical treatment. The complex anatomical landscape of the inner ear, comprising several small structures, makes imaging of this region particularly challenging for general radiologists. Imaging techniques are important for identifying the presence and defining the type of IEM and the cochlear nerve condition. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences and high-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) are the mainstay imaging techniques in this area. Dedicated MRI and HRCT protocols play an important role in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with inner ear disease. The most suitable technique should be selected depending on the clinical setting. However, in cases of congenital malformation of the inner ear, these techniques should be considered complementary. Since prompt intervention has a positive impact on the treatment outcomes, early diagnosis of IEMs is very important in the management of deaf patients. This article reviews the key concepts of IEMs for clinical radiologists by focusing on recent literature updates, discusses the principal imaging findings and clinical implications for every IEM subgroup, thus providing a practical diagnostic approach
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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