1,721,004 research outputs found
Firm behavior and the emergence of activism in stigmatized industries: three essays on nuclear power in the United States
Full text linkStatus in Organization and Management Theory
No full textStatus is a pervasive construct in the organizational literature, and a recent surge in interest in the topic testifies to its potential as a field of study. In this article, we review the existing studies on status, and we propose an integrative classification framework based on two distinct dimensions: the level of analysis—macro, meso, or micro—and the role status hierarchies play in extant research. We do so with a view to clarifying the status construct, differentiating it from the cognate concept of reputation, and clearly stating the ways in which status dynamics could inform organizational scholars and their research efforts. We conclude by highlighting underdeveloped theoretical intersections and suggesting potentially fruitful directions for future inquiry
Categorical stigma and firm disengagement: nuclear power generation in the United States, 1970-2000
No full textHow do organizations react to stakeholder disapproval of a category to which they belong? In this paper, we draw on the categorization, stigma, and identity literatures in building a theory to predict whether firms that are involved in stigmatized activities will choose to reduce or terminate their involvement in them, as opposed to resorting to less drastic measures such as defensive practice adoption or impression management techniques. Conceptualizing groups of organizations involved in such contentious practices as stigmatized categories in the eyes of an audience, we argue that organizational responses rest on three elements: (1) the intensity of stigma targeting the category, (2) the media exposure of the category, and (3) the extent to which an organization is a member of the category. A quantitative study of proposed new nuclear reactor units in the United States between 1970 and 2000, in the face of mounting opposition to atomic power, provides empirical support for our claims
Firm behavior and the evolution of activism: strategic decisions and the emergence of protest in U.S. communities
Full text linkResearch summary: How do firms' strategic decisions affect the emergence and evolution of activism? We examine this question through a study of protests against nuclear power plants in the United States. We find that the decision to cancel construction of a nuclear unit—a substantial victory for activists—is associated with an upsurge in antinuclear protest activity, as emboldened activists stay mobilized even once the level of threat abates. We also find that when a firm decides to complete a nuclear power plant, thereby marking a defeat for activists, antinuclear protests wind down and we witness an increase in mobilization towards other causes. We discuss the implications of our findings for the study of the interaction between social movements and firms. Managerial summary: The interaction between firms and activists is markedly strategic, and episodes of confrontation are often rooted in decisions made by firms. In this article, we examine how decisions taken by firms might impact activism in local communities through a comprehensive study of mobilization targeting nuclear power plants in the United States between 1960 and 1995. We find that when a firm cancels a proposed nuclear unit, antinuclear protest activity increases, as emboldened activist press the advantage. When a firm decides to complete a nuclear power plant, however, thereby defeated activists will demobilize and focus their attention on other causes. Companies should thus carefully consider how their decisions might affect activist mobilization, especially in contexts where opposition from local communities is a significant factor
Development of large-area silicon photomultiplier detectors for PET applications at FBK
No full textThis paper reports on the development of large-area silicon photomultiplier (SiPM) detectors specifically designed for positron emission tomography (PET) instruments. The sensors under study are monolithic arrays of two different types: a 2×2 array of 4×4 mm2 elements and an 8×8 array of 1.5×1.5 mm2 pixels. These devices are characterized at wafer level by means of an automatic test procedure, consisting of current–voltage curves in forward and reverse bias. The tests allowed selection of functioning devices and evaluation of the uniformity of basic parameters. Results of the electrical characterization are reported showing that acceptable values of yield together with rather uniform distribution of parameters have been obtained. Reliability of produced SiPMs has been proved by long-term accelerated stress tests
Il mosaico di San Cipriano, da Murano a Potsdam
No full textIl mosaico della chiesa di San Cipriano di Murano è stato venduto nel 1834 al principe di Prussia. Trasferito a Potsdam è stato collocato nella Friedenskirche appositamente costruita per accoglierlo. Viene presentata la vicenda della vendita e del distacco (con documenti inediti) e se ne individuano i protagonisti. Alla luce anche dei risultati di un recente restauro e di documenti viene approfondita la collocazione culturale e cronologica, datando il testo musivo (in gran parte originale) all'inizio del XIII secolo
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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