1,721,008 research outputs found
Sex differences in the effects of 12 weeks sprint interval training on body fat mass and the rates of fatty acid oxidation and VO 2 max during exercise
Full text linkAbstract
Background The purpose of this study was to examine whether very short duration, very high intensity sprint interval training (SIT) leads to loss of body fat mass in association with improvements to VO2max and fatty acid oxidation, and to assess the extent of sex dimorphism in these physiological responses.
Methods A total of 24 men and 17 women (mean (SEM) age: 39 (±2) years; body mass index 24.6 (0.6)) completed measurements of the maximal rate of oxygen uptake (VO2max) and fatty acid oxidation (FATmax). Body fat and lean mass were measured by dual emission x-ray absorptiometry, and fasting blood lipid, glucose and insulin profiles were assessed before and after training. SIT consisted of 4×20 s sprints on a cycle ergometer at approximately 175% VO2max, three times per week for 12 weeks.
Results Fat mass decreased by 1.0 kg, although men lost statistically significantly more fat than women both when expressed in Kg and as % body fat. VO2max increased by around 9%, but women improved VO2max significantly more than men. FATmax improved by around 13%, but fasting plasma glucose, insulin, total triglyceride, total cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) did not change after training, while low-density lipoprotein decreased by 8% (p=0.028) and the HDL:Total Cholesterol ratio improved by 6%. There were no sex differences in these metabolic responses to training.
Conclusions These results show lower body fat %, and higher rates of fatty acid oxidation and VO2max after 12 weeks of training for just 4 min per week. Notably, women improved VO2max more than men, while men lost more fat than women
Muscle resilience across the life course: from cells to society: A Roadmap for transformative research in healthy ageing.
Full text linkMuscle resilience is important for health and well-being across the life course, from childhood to later life. A lack of muscle resilience contributes to the significant and growing health and social care burden, to health disparities, and to economic disadvantage through early exit from the workplace. The MyAge roadmap identifies the most important knowledge gaps and best approaches for strengthening muscle resilience research across the life course
Muscle resilience across the life course: from cells to society: Value proposition.
No full textThe challenge of population ageing is increasing dramatically. In 2021 there were over 12 million people aged 65 years and older in the UK1-3. This number is expected to increase by more than 40% within 20 years. Although an increasing number of people are living longer, they are not healthier; adults in the UK often spend the last decade of life in poor health. This places a substantial burden on health and social care services
MyAge: Muscle resilience across the life course
Full text linkMyAge is a group of researchers from across the UK with an interest in the effects of ageing and how to help people live more healthily, as they grow older. Our network has expertise in areas such as muscle cell biology, regenerative medicine, genetics, physiology, nutrition, engineering, artificial intelligence, mathematics and social science. Together, the group is working to better understand why our muscles become weaker over time, and to set the direction of future research, which will result in effective interventions to improve muscle function and strength as we grow older. This report summarises the work of MyAge for general readers
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
A lifelong approach to muscle resilience: implications for policy and practice
Full text linkA lack of muscle resilience across the life course is contributing to a significant and growing health and social care burden, health disparities, and economic disadvantage, through early exit from the workplace. Addressing this crisis with a preventative mindset to improve muscle development and counteract loss at critical stages throughout life will yield important benefits: during childhood development and adolescence to improve physical and mental health;during adulthood to reduce sickness absence, enhance productivity and retain people in the workforce;into later life to reduce frailty-associated ill health and retain greater independence in old ag
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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