1,720,971 research outputs found
Doctors and drugs : how Swedish emergency and family physicians understand drug prescribing
No full textBackground: Drug prescribing is increasing, making prescribing one of the most common interventions in healthcare. The beneficial effects of drugs are manifold, but drug use also involves risks of drug-drug interaction (DDI), side effects and other drug-related problems. Despite research, a gap remains in our knowledge about the variation in physicians understanding of drug prescribing. Knowledge of how physicians think about and understand drug prescribing might make it possible to influence their behaviour, and thus improve drug treatment.Aims: The overall aim of this thesis is to explore how physicians understand drug prescribing. Two groups of physicians were studied: emergency room physicians (ERs) and general practitioners (GPs). The specific aims were to (I) identify ERs perception of possibilities and obstacles in the implementation of a computerised prescribing support system; (II) explore how ERs view their work with patient drug treatment; (III) identify ways of understanding drug prescribing among GPs; and (IV) explore GPs understandings of who bears responsibility for a patient s drug list and how this responsibility is managed.Methods: An inductive qualitative approach was used in order to gain deeper knowledge about physicians experiences. Data were collected by means of semi-structured face-toface interviews (Studies I, III-IV) and focus group discussions (Study II). Thematic (Studies I-II) and phenomenographic methods (Studies III-IV) were used in analysing data.Findings: Variations were found between ERs and GPs in their views of drug prescribing, as well as within the group of GPs. The ERs expressed a need for more pharmacological training and support in working with patients drug treatment. They wanted access to current patient drug lists in order to make the diagnosis safely and quickly. A lack of follow-up appointments forces ERs to refrain from making changes to a patient s drug regime. ERs perform their work in the here and now . The GPs demonstrated how they understood drug prescribing in five ways, each of which had different foci: the biomedical aspects, the patient and society. Each GP had access to more than one view, but none included all five ways. The GPs also demonstrated a variation in understanding about responsibility for patient drug lists, and in particular about how they use different strategies to manage this responsibility. These strategies were described in five ways: imposed responsibility; responsibility for own prescriptions; responsibility for all drugs; different but shared responsibility; and patient responsibility for transferring drug information between healthcare providers.Implications: The question of responsibility for current patient drug lists and communication between settings is of utmost importance. In Sweden, a new law was passed in 2008 allowing the sharing of patient-specific information between databases. In this thesis, we see how ERs and GPs understand the responsibility for current patient drug lists in different ways. These different ways indicate that information sharing between healthcare providers is insufficient to remove potential hazards in prescribing. In order to support physicians in moving towards a comprehensive approach to prescribing, there is a need for a parallel development in: 1) physicians competence in drug prescribing; 2) patients understandings of drug use; and 3) technological solutions to facilitate a shared understanding between different physicians and patients in drug prescribing/drug therapy.List of scientific papersI. Bastholm Rahmner P, Andersén-Karlsson E, Arnhjort T, Eliasson M, Gustafsson LL, Jacobsson L, Ovesjö ML, Rosenqvist U, Sjöviker S, Tomson G, Holmström I (2004). "Physicians perceptions of possibilities and obstacles prior to implementing a computerised drug prescribing support system." Int J Health Care Qual Assur Inc Leadersh Health Serv 17(4-5): 173-9 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15481682II. Bastholm Rahmner P, Gustafsson LL, Rosenqvist U, Tomson G, Holmström I (2008). " Limit work to here and now A focus group study on how emergency physicians view their work in relation to patients drug treatment." International Journal of Qualitative Studies on Health and Well-being 3(3): 155-164III. Rahmner PB, Gustafsson LL, Larsson J, Rosenqvist U, Tomson G, Holmström I (2008). "Variations in understanding the drug-prescribing process: a qualitative study among Swedish GPs." Fam Pract Dec 22: Epub ahead of print https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19103613IV. Bastholm Rahmner P, Gustafsson LL, Holmström I, Rosenqvist U, Tomson G (2008). " Whose job is it anyway Swedish general practitioners perception of their responsibility for the patients drug list." (Submitted)</p
Pediatricians’ Understanding and Experiences of an Electronic Clinical-Decision-Support-System
No full textObjectives: Subsequent dosing errors after implementing an Electronic Medical Record (EMR) at a pediatric hospital in Sweden led to the development, in close collaboration with the clinical profession, of a Clinical Decision Support System (CDSS) with Dose Range Check and Weight Based Dose Calculation integrated directly in the EMR. The aim of this study was to explore the understanding and experiences of the CDSS among Swedish pediatricians after one year of practice.Methods: Semi-structured interviews with physicians at different levels of the health care system were performed with seventeen pediatricians working at three different pediatrics wards in Stockholm County Council. The interviews were analysed with a thematic analysis without pre-determined categories.Results: Six categories and fourteen subcategories emerged from the analysis. The categories included the use, the benefit, the confidence, the situations of disregards, the misgivings/risks and finally the development potential of the implemented CDSS with Weight Based Dose Calculation and Dose Range Check. Conclusions: A need for CDSS in the prescribing for children is evident but also the need for further development based on the practical knowledge of the clinical profession.</jats:p
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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