1,720,954 research outputs found
A Review of Import Substitution Industrialisation (ISI) Policy in Selected Industries in Zambia, 1964 – 1991
Get PDFIn 1964, Zambia’s economy relied heavily on copper mining and imports from Southern Rhodesia (SR) with a negligible manufacturing sector. The United National Independence Party (UNIP) government sought to rectify this imbalance by implementing an import substitution industrialisation (ISI) policy to diversify the economy into manufacturing and agriculture. The Industrial Development Corporation (INDECO) was established in 1965 to support this diversification. Initially, ISI was led by the private sector, 1964-1970 and later by the government, 1971-1991. While many studies argue that manufacturing industries established during this period were dependent on imports and lacked foreign exchange, this article argues that significant strides were made in ISI across certain sectors of production. Some companies in the manufacturing sector adapted foreign technologies, fabricated spare parts for machinery and utilised locally sourced raw materials, thereby reducing their dependence on imports. The government managed foreign exchange judiciously, incentivised industries and devalued the currency to promote domestic production. Export promotion of non-traditional goods was encouraged to earn foreign exchange, leading to a shift by 1991 towards importing capital goods, necessary for expanding the consumer goods industrial base
Constraints on industrialization in colonial Zambia, 1890-1964.
Get PDFThesisThis study examines the significant constraints on industrialisation (development of secondary industries) in colonial Zambia. The study argues that although a number of imperial scholars have attempted to identify the significant constraints on industrialisation during the colonial period, there are glaring gaps in these works which need to be filled up. It depicts the process of developing secondary industries in Northern Rhodesia as having been slow, painful and insignificant when compared to other countries in the region like Southern Rhodesia and South Africa. In addition, the study reveals that the origin and development of Northern Rhodesia’s industrialisation process passed through three main stages. The first stage was during the early years of colonial rule when the territory was under the British South Africa Company (BSACo) administration. The second stage was from 1924 to 1952 under the Crown government administration and the last stage was from 1953 to 1964 under both the Federal and Crown government rule. However, the year 1964 signified the end of colonial rule in Northern Rhodesia and its retrogressive economic policies. The other argument in this study is that the unfavourable and negative colonial economic policies which were enacted under the BSACo were perpetuated both under the Crown and the Federal governments. In addition, the study demonstrates that throughout the colonial period, the economic policies to which the country was subject undoubtedly limited the chances of developing local secondary industries. Even though there were numerous opportunities to set up local secondary industries in the form of import substitution industrialisation in Northern Rhodesia, they were not utilized. The successive governments in the country regarded industrial development as the endeavour of private enterprise. The steps taken by the government and industrial capital between 1953 and 1964 to tackle the constraints on industrialisation did not lead to the development of local secondary industries in the country. Lastly, this work argues that due to bad economic policies, Northern Rhodesia achieved independence in 1964 with an impoverished secondary industry sector
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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