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Break and bend verbs in Sesotho
Get PDFThesis (MA)--University of Stellenbosch, 2001.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The break and bend verbs in Sesotho are investigated with a view to account for the
unique properties of these verbs.
The study gives a full account of the predicate argument structure of break and bend
verbs. In Sesotho we have three types of predicates, namely, one-place, two-place and
three-place predicates. The study also focuses on the number of arguments these verbs
may assign. Some of these verbs are intransitive and therefore they assign one
argument, which is an external argument. Other verbs are transitive and as such they
assign more than one argument (i.e. external and internal arguments).
These verbs are investigated as to whether they would select certain arguments to appear
with them and it was found that when they do, they also select semantic features which
these arguments must have in order to appear with such verbs.
These verbs are also examined with the view to account for their difference. It was found
that certain bend verbs show the same syntactic properties as the break verbs, except
those bend verbs name reverse actions. Another observation was that not all break and
bend verbs have zero-related nominaIs. When they do, the nominals describe the result
of the action named by the verb.
The study investigate these verbs as to whether they would allow cognate objects, verbal
alternations and derived verbs (in the case of bend verbs), and it was found that some of
them would allow such lexical items.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die breek en buig werkwoorde in Sesotho is ondersoek met die doel om die unieke
kenmerke van hierdie werkwoorde te bepaal.
Die studie verskaf 'n beskrywing van die predikaat argumentstruktuur van breek en buig
werkwoorde in Sesotho. Ons het drie tipes predikate, te wete eenplek, tweeplek en
drieplek predikate.
Die studie fokus ook op die aantal argumente wat hierdie werkwoorde kan toeken.
Sommige van hierdie werkwoorde is onoorganklik, derhalwe ken hulle een argument toe
wat ekstern is. Ander werkwoorde is oorganklik, sodat meer as een argument, te wete
ekstern en intern, toegeken word.
Daar is ook ondersoek of hierdie werkwoorde argumente kan selekteer om met hulle te
verskyn, en dit is bevind dat as hulle dit doen, hulle ook die semantiese kenmerk selekteer
wat hierdie argumente moet he as hulle saam met daardie werkwoorde verskyn.
Hierdie werkwoorde is ondersoek met die doel om hul verskil te bepaal. Daar is bevind
dat sommige buig werkwoorde dieselfde sintaktiese eienskappe het as die breek
werkwoorde, behalwe dat buig werkwoorde ook reversiet is. 'n Verdere kenmerk is dat
nie alle breek en buig werkwoorde voorkom met nul-verwante nominaIe. As hulle dit
doen, beskryf die nominale die uitslag van die handeling in die werkwoord.
Daar is ondersoek of kognitiewe voorwerpe, werkwoord alternasies en afgeleide
werkwoorde toegelaat kan word, en daar is bevind dat sommiges dit toelaat.Master
The presentation of female characters in three of BM Khaketla's texts: A literary analysis
Get PDFPublished ArticleLike most literature around the world, African literature initially portrayed women poorly. This is in accordance with
Kalu’s (2001:14) observation that the role of women in society is constantly questioned and ‘for centuries women
have struggled to find their place’ in a world that is predominantly male oriented. Inaccurate and incomplete portrayals
of female characters littered early African works. This may be largely due to the fact that African literature was first
written by men, whose education was put above that of women. Educated men not only came from a patriarchal
society but were educated by missionaries and colonisers, who also came from a patriarchal society. The article
attempts to investigate the representation of women characters in BM Khaketla’s texts. His penchant to portray
androcentric narratives is at variance with the female gender that is trivialised through patriarchy, culture, a gender
socialisation process, marriage and domestic enslavement. The images of African women in these texts will be
reassessed and redefined. The article concludes with some contemporary issues showing that women do have
control over their own lives and are therefore the designers of their own future. There is room for contemplation of
individual responsibility in women’s plight apart from their cultural classification and expectations
Lexical semantics and deverbal nominalisations in Sesotho
Get PDFThesis (DLitt)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: In this dissertation, the semantic and syntactic properties of deverbatives are
analyzed in the context of Generative Lexicon theory, which is a model of lexical
semantics.
The aim of the analysis relates to the existence of the relationship between nominals
derived directly from an event description and their inheritance of the properties of
that event. The deverbal nouns in Sesotho are analyzed semantically within specific
parameters taking into account the deverbal noun as a whole. This is done by
viewing how word meaning interact with a set of generative mechanisms to account
for the creative use of language. These mechanisms involve the levels of
representations (i.e. argument, event and qualia structures) which provides
information about the number and type of arguments; the event type of a lexical item
and how these events are tied together within different relations.
There are correlations between lexically encoded base forms and morphological
derived forms. These correlations provide a need for a representational structure to
distinguish between stage-level and individual-level nominals. Focusing on the role of
events in the semantics of nouns, it is shown that stage-level and individual-level
nouns differ in the type and the quantification of their defining event. This led to the
adoption of the view that that nominals in general should be named after the events
they each fulfil.AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: In hierdie proefskrif word die semantiese en sintaktiese eienskappe van
deverbatiewe in Sesotho ontleed binne die raamwerk van Generatiewe
Leksikonteorie, ‘n model van leksikale semantiek.
Die doel van die analise hou verband met die verhouding tussen nominale direk
afgelei vanaf ‘n gebeurtenis (‘event’) beskrywing en die oorerwing van die
eienskappe van daardie gebeurtenis (‘event’). Die Sesotho deverbatiewe word
semanties ontleed binne spesifieke parameters met inagneming van die semantiese
eienskappe van die deverbatief as geheel. Dit word gedoen deur ‘n ondersoek te
doen na hoe woordbetekenis in interaksie is met ‘n stel generatiewe meganismes om
‘n verklaring te bied vir die kreatiewe gebruik van taal. Hierdie meganismes betrek
die vlakke van representasie (nl. argumentstruktuur, gebeurtenis (‘event’) struktuur
en qualia-struktuur) wat inligting voorsien omtrent die getal en tipes argumente (dit is,
uitdrukkings wat tematiese rolle het), die gebeurtenis (‘event’) tipe van ‘n leksikale
item, en hoe hierdie gebeurtenisse (‘events’) saamhang binne verskillende verbande.
Daar is korrelasies tussen leksikaal ge-enkodeerde basisvorme en morfologiesafgeleide
vorms. Hierdie ko-relasies bied ‘n behoefte vir ‘n verteenwoordigende
struktuur om te onderskei tussen fase-vlak (‘stage-level’) en individuele-vlak
nominale. Daar word aangetoon, met fokus op die gebeurtenisse (‘events’) in die
semantiek van naamwoorde, dat fase-vlak en individuele-vlak verskil in die tipe en
die kwantifisering van hulle definieerbare gebeurtenis. Dit lei tot die aanvaarding van
die siening dat nominale in die algemeen benoem moet word na die gebeurtenisse
waaraan elk voldoen.Doctora
The Interpretation of “Botlokotsebe” V/S “Bosenyi”
Get PDFPublished ArticleThe present paper is based on the findings from a study conducted to examine the interchangeable use
of the concepts ‘botlokotsebe’ (mischief) and ‘bosenyi’ (crime) as an English equivalent term ‘crime’. This study
is thus a survey in which questionnaires were used to collect data from 165 (of which 15 are experts in the language
practice) Sesotho speakers. The respondents were intentionally selected from language users in Motheo and Thabo
Mofutsanyana districts in South Africa. Documents from different domains (where these terms are appearing) were
also analysed to assess the everyday use and usage of these terms in distinct contexts. The results show that
‘botlokotsebe’ cannot denote criminal activity but ‘bosenyi’ is the relevant equivalent term to describe any crime.
The implications of these findings are discussed. The study also provides an insight as to how Sesotho language
users should be careful and cautious in implementing certain terms without following relevant sources. It also
proposed that ‘bosenyi’ be regarded as superordinate term referring to criminal activities
Verbal Alternations in Sesotho: A Case of Lexical Semantics
Get PDFPublished ArticleThis study discusses two types of verbal alternation in Sesothothat have the same syntactic structure, but differ in their semantic representations and in their lexical syntax structures. The first scenario: ‘Ntate o motsutse lenala la ntja’(Father extracted dog’s nail) alternating with ‘Ntja e motsutse lenala la yona’ (A dog extracted its nail). The alternating sentence can be interpreted as: ‘A dog had someone extract its nail’. The second scenario is: ‘Mong o robile molala wa Thabo’ (Someone broke Thabo’s neck) alternating with ‘Thabo o robile molala wa hae’(Thabo broke his neck). We can interpret the alternating sentence as: ‘Thabo is the possessor of the neck that suffers the break. Based on a more fine-grained approach of thematic roles and based on a semantic representation of the events encoded by these verbs the results show that these two forms have different interpretations due to different lexical semantic properties
The Interpretation of “Tlhahisoleseding” v/s “Tlhahisolesedi”
Get PDFPublished ArticleThis study seeks to question the continuous usage of the compound locative noun ‘tlhahisoleseding’
(information) as the basic noun. The paper argues that ‘tlhahisoleseding’ (information) is a locative noun (an
adverb of place) derived from the noun ‘tlhahisolesedi’ (information) and should not be used as an equivalent term
for information but ‘tlhahisolesedi’ instead. The basic principles of compound or complex nouns formation were
scrutinised; and the implications of suffixal morpheme –eng/-ng in changing basic nouns into locative nouns. The
suffixal uses of –eng/-ng in other Sesotho word categories is presented. The Theory of Government and Binding
(GB) and its sub theories were applied. The outcomes of the study show that ‘tlhahisoleseding’ is a locative noun
whereas ‘tlhahisolesedi’ is a basic compound noun which has a reading of information. The morphological analysis
of these ‘alternating’ nouns shows that they produce different meaning in Sesotho sentences
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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