1,720,975 research outputs found
Gender in the Community: a Study of the Women and Men of the Taradale Area, 1886-1930
No full text'Gender in the Community' is a study of two aspects of Pakeha social history; local community and gender relations. It takes a case study approach, and focuses on the everyday lives of the people of the Taradale area of Hawke's Bay, from 1886 to 1930.
Using oral history and written sources, I examine the question of whether or not local community existed in nineteenth century settler society. I reject Miles Fairburn's recent assertion that the nineteenth century was characterised by atomisation, and argue, instead, for a continuity of local community within the area.
I also argue that the common ties and social interactions between the people of the area-which made it a local community-were not gender neutral. A relational model of gendered cultures is used to explore the lives of Taradale's children, adolescents and adults. The dense, gender specific networks women and men belonged to are examined, to show how they perpetuated, rather than challenged, the area's gendered cultures.
The area's feminine and masculine cultures, the ways they interacted and changed, is the focus of the study. I argue that wider changes in Pakeha society over these settling down years led to different changes within feminine and masculine cultures, and that intra-cultural changes were more important than most historians of separate cultures and gender have recognised. In particular, I argue that life cycle and generational changes within feminine cultures led them to be more dynamic than masculine cultures.
Although masculine cultures also underwent changes over these years—most notably with the rise of the family man and masculine domesticity—I argue that the inclusive nature of masculine cultures meant that they retained their power but were more static than feminine cultures
A social history of New Zealand soldiers in world war one, based upon their diaries and letters
No full textThis thesis is a social history of World War One. It is based upon the diaries and letters of New Zealand soliders. In it I have attempted to break down many of the myths and false assumptions that surround New Zealand's involvement and participation
"We Never Knew": The Differences between Museum History and Academic History Explored through an Exhibition of the New Zealand Wars
No full textPublic history and academic history have been viewed both as opposites, two practices related only
by their concern with sharing the past, as well as conceptualised as similar fields with close
connections to each other. Museum history exhibitions are an obvious example of public history in
action. However, is the history that exhibitions present all that different from what is produced in the
academy, or is this history academia in another form? Initially this dissertation aimed to explore the
relationships between academic and public histories as discipline and practice, assuming a
relationship rather than divide between the two fields as suggested in some of the literature.
However, the eventual results of the research were different than expected, and suggested that in fact
public histories manifest very differently to academic histories within a museum context.
Using an adapted ethnographic research methodology, this dissertation traces the development of a
single history exhibition, "Te Ahi Kā Roa, Te Ahi Kātoro Taranaki War 1860–2010: Our Legacy –
Our Challenge", from its concept development to opening day and onwards to public programmes.
This exhibition opened at Puke Ariki in New Plymouth in March 2010, and was a provocative
display not only of the history of the wars themselves, but of the legacy of warfare in the Taranaki
community. Other methods include partially structured interviews which were conducted with ten
people involved in creating this exhibition, who outlined their roles in its production and provided
their views on its development, and also a brief analysis of the broader social and historical context
in which the exhibition was staged.
Through tracing the creation of this history, the findings suggested that the history produced at Puke
Ariki is a history in its own right, with noticeable differences from academic histories. The strongest
correlation between public and academic history in this instance was the shared aspiration to be
rigorous in conducting research and, as far as possible, to create an accurate portrayal of the past.
Otherwise the history created by Puke Ariki through the exhibition proved to be different in that it
was deliberately designed to be very accessible, and it utilised a number of presentation modes,
including objects, text, audiovisual and sound. It was interactive, and had a clear aim of enabling the
audience to participate in a discussion about the history being presented. Finally, it was a highly
politicised history, in that decision making had to be negotiated with source communities in a
collaborative fashion, and issues of censorship worked through with the council, a major funding
source. The dissertation concludes that producing history in a museum context is a dynamic and
flexible process, and one that can be successful despite not necessarily following theoretical models
of exhibition development
Virility and Respectability: Goldfield Fiction and Male Culture in Colonial New Zealand, 1865-1914
No full textThe vast majority of goldfield fiction written in New Zealand during the nineteenth and early twentieth-century was by men. The thesis studies these texts (plus one chapter on women writers and the goldfields) primarily in terms of their representation of men, masculinity, mateship and the colonial male culture. Past critical neglect of our colonial fiction means that an important first step is simply the recovery and detailed discussion of the fiction concerned. The texts are divided into three chronological periods: (1) 1865-1873, the earliest stages of fiction writing in New Zealand where, via a discussion of the work of Benjamin Farjeon, we discuss how early writers wrote for a 'Home' audience and portrayed romantic images of the digger; (2) 1873-1881, a period when local issues can be seen operating in the fiction of Vincent Pyke, with his writing of a 'moderated' masculinity, and in Henry Lapham's domesticated diggers; (3) 1881-1914, when the goldfields begin to move from the centre of the nation's fiction into the background of the narratives, along with a corresponding trend to marginalise the colonial male culture in favour of a more 'respectable' colonial society. The overall argument seeks historical contextualisation by considering how the fiction negotiates the tension inherent in the writing of a 'virile' colonial masculinity within narratives of 'respectability'.At its broadest the thesis is about the interaction of gender, fiction and history in the production and utilisation of ideas about masculinity (and to a lesser degree, femininity) in colonial New Zealand
Culture and the Left in New Zealand, 1930-1950
No full textThis thesis looks at the activities and impact of the left in New Zealand culture in the 1930s and 1940s. Its subject is a series of left-wing cultural activities which developed in the mid-late 1930s and early 1940s: the Left Book Club, Co-operative Book Societies in Auckland, Wellington, Christchurch and Dunedin, a Progressive Publishing Society, and left-wing theatre. These activities were, in immediate terms, the product of the political context of the late 1930s, the Popular Front period of heightened political activity and political consciousness among artists and intellectuals, of the emergence of a range of political-cultural activity as part of a broadly-based, and broadly defined, anti-Fascist movement. They represented, to varying degrees, experiments in a socialist or 'popular' culture. Yet they succeeded in establishing not a popular culture, nor a 'culture of the left', but in exerting a very significant influence on the cultural infrastructure in New Zealand in this period.
In considering the question why these organisations failed to realise a socialist cultural ideal, their development is situated within the context of political, social and cultural changes in this period: changes in the political context, from Popular Front to Cold War; changes in social terms within the left itself and the wider audience to which they catered; and the expansion of the cultural infrastructure in this period, of which these activities were both an expression and a stimulus. Differences also emerge in the nature of these organisations in the different centres, suggesting differences in the nature of the left and labour movements which in turn reflect in part the social structure of each city.
The discussion is prefaced by an outline and analysis of the writing of H. Winston Rhodes in Tomorrow magazine - a series of articles of cultural criticism which express the central themes of left-wing cultural theory in this period. This discussion serves to establish the political/cultural context out of which these activities emerged, and focuses on the problems, theoretical, and as these organisations illustrate practical, which are inherent in the concept of 'creating' a socialist or 'people's' culture.
A secondary theme is the relationship between this left-wing cultural movement, and the nationalist impulse which has generally been perceived as the significant cultural development in this period. This is discussed with reference to the critical statements of cultural nationalism of the 1930s-1940s, and in so far as these two cultural movements represented alternative responses to the cultural and political climate of the 1930s
The intellectually Handicapped Children's Society: the first twenty years: from protest group to Welfare organisation
No full textThis thesis is about the formation and first 20 years of the organisation that is today commonly called the IHC. This organisation was founded in 1949 as the Intellectually Handicapped Children's Parents' Association (IHCPA). The name was changed to the Intellectually Handicapped Children's Society (IHCS) in 1962, and changed again in 1975 to the New Zealand Society for the Intellectually Handicapped. Since its foundation the IHC's aim has been to promote the welfare of people with intellectual handicaps. This thesis examines how the Society pursued this aim from 1949 to 1969.
The IHC began as a small group of parents who were protesting at the way their children were treated by the public authorities, and by the health and education professions. It evolved into a relatively large organisation of parents, volunteers, and paid staff who (with public donations and government subsidies) provided a range of welfare services for the intellectually handicapped and their families.
The IHC was not alone in its efforts to help intellectually handicapped people. It was part of a world wide movement to promote the welfare and rights of people with intellectual handicaps. After the second world war groups of parents and friends of intellectually handicapped people were formed in many countries. Although they began in isolation these groups shared a common dissatisfaction with the way the intellectually handicapped were treated. In particular they reacted against the conditions in the large custodial institutions provided by their governments to house such people. These parents' groups wanted institutional reforms, and the provision of support services that would enable most of the intellectually handicapped to live at or near home. When the governments refused or were slow to provide "community based" support services the parents' groups often undertook to set up such services themselves. The IHC in New Zealand was one of the groups that became ever more involved in the provision of services.
Much of the material on which this thesis is based can be found in the Anyon Papers. This is a very interesting manuscript collection kept by the New Zealand Council for Educational Research in Wellington. The Papers consist of letters, annual reports, circulars, magazines, and newspaper clippings relating to the IHC. These were collected by the first secretary of the IHCPA, Mrs Margaret Anyon.
The other main source of information is the library in the national office of the New Zealand Society for the Intellectually Handicapped in Wellington. This library has a collection of books relating to intellectual handicaps, as well as copies of the IHC'S annual reports and magazines
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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