363 research outputs found
Mabo explained. by Michael Crommelin
No full textIn this speech, the author clearly explains the complexities of the Mabo case
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Mabo in the courts ::Islander tradition to native title : a memoir /
No full text'Mabo in the Courts' is the story of a court case that is a landmark in Australian legal and political history. Narrated by an insider, a lawyer who acted for the plaintiffs, it is at once a memoir and a factual account of dramatic, long-drawn-out, unlikely legal proceedings. The author has also set it against his reflections on the culture and history of the Meriam people of the Torres Strait; his client Eddie Mabo's motivations and premature death; the cut-and-thrust of exchanges between contesting counsel, and between counsel and judges; the effects on the proceedings of political influence and pressure; and the legacy of the High Court's decision, twenty years on. The Mabo Case was a quest for justice by a group of Murray Islanders. In the history of the common law, scores of other cases dealing with Indigenous land rights have been heard in the courts of the former British Empire, and from the Indigenous perspective some were won, some were lost. Mabo, most importantly, was the first of such cases to succeed in Australia
Atrial Fibrillation : from pathophysiology to therapy
No full textLa fibrillation atriale (FA) est l’arythmie soutenue la plus fréquente ; elle entraine une majoration significative de la morbidité et de la mortalité. Les mécanismes qui en sont responsables sont encore incomplètement connus, et sa prise en charge n’est pas optimale. Afin de mieux comprendre la physiopathologie de la FA, nous avons mené différents travaux sur des coeurs de moutons isolés et perfusés par un système de Langendorff mais également en créant un modèle chronique de FA persistante de longue durée. Dans un modèle ovin de FA persistante, nous avons ainsi démontré que la fréquence dominante (DF) de la FA augmentait progressivement pendant les premières semaines de l’arythmie, alors que les épisodes étaient paroxystiques, phénomène en rapport avec le raccourcissement de la durée du potentiel d’action secondaire au remodelage électrophysiologique. La DF se stabilisait dès lors que la FA devenait persistante, une fois le remodelage électrophysiologique maximal. L’accélération de la DF (dDF/dt) était significativement corrélée au temps nécessaire à la transition vers la FA persistante. Le remodelage structurel n’apparaissait que secondairement, une fois l’arythmie devenue persistante. Sur le plan thérapeutique, nous avons étudié les mécanismes anti-arythmiques de la chloroquine (bloqueur d’IK1) et de la ranolazine (bloqueur d’INa), molécules entrainant un ralentissement de la fréquence de rotation des rotors, une diminution de la DF et un retour en rythme sinusal. Ces travaux nous ont permis de mieux appréhender le rôle des ces courants ioniques dans le maintien de la FA. Enfin, nous avons démontré l’efficacité de l’ablation de la FA en utilisant le cryoballon (CB) de deuxième génération, efficacité grevée d’un taux de parésie du nerf phrénique élevé, dont nous avons pu prédire la survenue à l’aide d’un prédicteur simple, la distance entre le bord du CB et la cathéter permettant de stimuler le nerf phrénique pendant l’application. Une meilleure compréhension des mécanismes à l’origine de l’initiation et du maintien de cette arythmie, ainsi qu’une meilleure prise en charge thérapeutique permettraient d’améliorer la qualité de vie des patients et d’en diminuer le taux de complications.Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia, significantly increasing patients’ morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms explaining the initiation and maintenance of the arrhythmia are incompletely understood, and the current treatment strategy is suboptimal. To better understand the pathophysiology of AF, we conducted various projects using Langendorff-perfused sheep hearts and a chronic model of long-standing persistent AF. In the model of persistent AF, we demonstrated that dominant frequency (DF) progressively increases during the first weeks of the arrhythmia, during its paroxysmal stage, due to the electrophysiological remodeling resulting in atrial action potential shortening. DF stabilizes once the electrophysiological remodeling is maximal, and the arrhythmia becomes persitent. The rate of DF increase (dDF/dt) was strongly correlated with the time to persistent AF. Structural remodeling appears secondarily, once transition has occured. We also studied the anti-arrhythmic mechanisms of chloroquine (IK1 blocker) and ranolazine (INa blocker), which slow the frequency of rotation of rotors, decrease the DF and favor reversal to sinus rhythm. These projects helped us to better understand the importance of these currents in AF dynamics. Lastly, we demonstrated the increased efficacy of AF ablation when using the second generation cryoballoon (CB), which regrettably increases the occurrence of phrenic nerve palsy. A simple, reliable predictor of this complication was found, the distance between the lateral edge of the CB and the phrenic nerve stimulating catheter. A better understanding of the mechanisms underlying the initiation and maintenance of AF, in conjunction with better therapeutic strategies will help to improve patients’ quality of life and decrease the complications of the arrhythmia
‘Enacted in the destiny of sedentary peoples’: racism, discovery and the grounds of law
No full textWhilst the racial, and racist, basis of the doctrine of discovery is a modern innovation, the doctrine owes much to its pre-modern forms and ethos. The finding and settlement of putatively unknown lands has long been attended with mythic and religious justification and with rituals of appropriation all of which strikingly resemble modern practice. Similarity in this case, however, serves to dramatize difference. What marks modern discovery of the occidental variety is the displacement of the mythic and religious by a combination of racism and legalism. The story of that displacement is told here along with an analysis of the poverty, not to say vacuity, of the doctrine of discovery as a justification for imperial appropriation. Since the story is told in broadly historical terms, its conception of the modern relies on the temporal ‘depth’ which historians usually attribute to this term, the discoveries of Columbus here providing something of a benchmark. But this account of the doctrine of discovery is not an antiquarian exercise, not a tale told in a now entirely discovered world, the unfolding of which may have had its reasons for regret but is now decidedly done with. Rather, this account is modern also in the sense of having current significance, of discovery’s still being an impelling force in the treatment of peoples supposedly once discovered and in the self-identity of those who would claim to have once discovered them, an identity which extends to the grounding of the discoverer’s law. Following the preponderant legal authority on discovery, my ‘case’ study here will come from the history of the United States. The parallels with the Australian situation are, it would seem, close
Re-evaluating Mabo: the case for native title reform to remove discrimination and promote economic opportunity
No full textThis paper seeks to reanalyse the Mabo case from the point of view of non-discrimination. It argues that the Mabo judgment may have been discriminatory in finding that pre-existing entitlements in surviving native title are restricted to the limited range of activities that can be proven by reference to traditional law and custom and that native title fails as a means of improving the economic and social opportunities of Indigenous Australians because of these restrictions. It suggests that native title law should be reformed on the basis of possession to recognise Indigenous peoples’ full and beneficial ownership of their land where this has not been extinguished.
The allocation of property rights to Indigenous people should not be limited by misguided and discriminatory assumptions about Indigenous culture and custom. About the Author Shireen Morris is the Constitutional Reform Research Fellow at Cape York Institute for Policy and Leadership. Her areas of research work include constitutional reform, racial discrimination, native title and, more recently, family violence and child reunification in Indigenous communities
Ontology based Automatic Reasoning applied to telecardiology alerts
No full textIntroduction :La télésurveillance des stimulateurs cardiaques et défibrillateurs sera à terme le standard pour le suivi des patients implantés. Pourtant, des alertes très nombreuses sont générées par ces dispositifs, et constituent un fardeau pour la prise en charge médicale. De plus, les alertes générées le sont indépendamment du contexte médical individuel du patient, et elles pourraient donc être mieux caractérisées. Cette thèse propose un outil de traitement automatique des alertes générées par la survenue de fibrillation atriale, et basé sur une modélisation des connaissances médicales de type ontologie en OWL2. En particulier, le score de risque cardio-embolique CHA2DS2VASc a été évalué par le biais de l’ontologie, ainsi que le statut d’anticoagulation du patient. Matériel et Méthodes :Une ontologie d’application a été créée en OWL2, afin de représenter les concepts nécessaires au raisonnement sur les alertes. Cette ontologie a été utilisée pour raisonner sur 1783 alertes de FA détectées chez 60 porteurs de stimulateurs cardiaques. Les alertes ont été classées automatiquement selon leur importance d’après une échelle de gravité de 1 à 4. La classification automatique a été comparée à celle réalisée par 2 experts médicaux comme référence. Résultats : 1749 alertes sur 1783 (98%) ont été classées correctement. 58 des 60 patients avaient toutes leurs alertes classées à l’identique par le système testé et par les évaluateurs-médecins. Une approche basée ontologie est à même de permettre un raisonnement automatique sur des données issues de dispositifs médicaux connectés, en les contextualisant en fonction des données médicales individuelles du patient.Introduction :Remote monitoring of cardiac implantable electronic devices (CIED) such as pacemakers and defibrillators is the new follow-up standard. However, the numerous alerts generated in remote monitoring causes a burden for physicians. Morever, many alerts are notified despite the knowledge of patient condition and could be refined. This work proposes an automatic tool for classifying atrial fibrillation alert, based on an ontological knowledge model in OWL2. In particular, CHA2DS2VASc thrombo-embolic risk score and patient anticogulation status are accounted in order to determine alert importance. Materials and methods :An application ontology was designed in OWL2, in order to represent the concepts needed for processing alerts. This ontology was used to infer the importance of 1783 AF alerts among 60 CIED recipients, using a 4-grade scale. Automatic classification was compared to that of 2 medical experts.Results :1749 of 1783 alerts (98%) were correctly classified. 58 of 60 patients had every alerts classified with the same importance by the prototype and the human experts. An ontology-driven automatic reasoning tool is able to classify remote monitoring alerts, by using individual medical context. This technology could be important for managing data generated by connected medical devices
In the shadow of the Australian legend: Re-reading Australian literature
No full textThe Australian legend worked as a romantic myth of survival, a foundational grand narrative that legitimised white Australian belonging to the land. The construction of an identity based on the bush ethos and on those values and characteristics recognised as quintessentially Australian helped in the creation of an imagined community. This myth carried a racist underpinning which limited the typical Australian to the category 'white'. Drawing on Foucault 18s discourse analysis I argue that the legend is a discourse, grounded in an untheorised whiteness which defines Australianness. The national identity was modelled on the exclusion of the 'other' from any sense of belonging because Australianness was simply a substitute for whiteness. This exclusion worked on two levels; while it ensured cohesion among whites against a common enemy, it also provided a sense of belonging that could not be questioned because the 'real' Australians, the indigenous people as the common enemy, were left out of a definition of Australianness. Over time this discourse evolved slightly, altering its characteristics, but maintaining its power position and ensuring that its core whiteness remained unaltered. Despite the current claim of a multicultural nation, in fact, the legend is still central to Australian identity and still constitutes the defining characteristic of Australianness. Thus even in a multicultural context where 'white' Australians claim to be just one category among others, they are the ones who define the 'rules' that govern who belongs and who may be granted recognition. In this thesis the evolution of the Australian legend is analysed through readings of key literary texts. While before Federation literature was the major instrument for the construction of the legend and a sense of national identity through an uncritical celebration of the foundational myth, later writing engaged in a critique of the legend and the discourses constructed around it. Contemporary white authors have exposed the discourses of terra nullius and the violence at the foundation of the nation, thus deconstructing the legend. However, their critique is still influenced by their privileged white perspective so that even in their dismantling of the legend there is an implicit celebration of it. It is only when indigenous authors challenge the legend that we find a more radical challenge to the legend and the discourse of whiteness which underpin it. Even then, as argued in this thesis, the legend permeates Australian life and continues to play a role in one 18s understanding of 'Australianness'
Syndrome de Brugada (aspects électrocardiographiques à l'effort)
No full textRENNES1-BU Santé (352382103) / SudocPARIS-BIUM (751062103) / SudocSudocFranceF
Bilateral bundle branch block, an old concept revisited in the light of cardiac resynchronization therapy
No full textInternational audienceRefers To Gianni Pastore, Massimiliano Maines, Lina Marcantoni, Francesco Zanon, Franco Noventa, Giorgio Corbucci, Enrico Baracca, Silvio Aggio, Claudio Picariello, Daniela Lanza, Gianluca Rigatelli, Mauro Carraro, Loris Roncon, S. Serge Barold ECG parameters predict left ventricular conduction delay in patients with left ventricular dysfunction Heart Rhythm, Volume 13, Issue 12, December 2016, Pages 2289-229
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