1,720,983 research outputs found
Exploring the Utility of Dental Pathological Conditions in Dental Radiographic Comparisons
No full textDental forensic identifications can be achieved through comparative dental analysis(CDA) by comparing a decedent’s postmortem (PM) dental records to a suspected match’s antemortem (AM) dental records. Dental records are particularly useful for CDA, because the number of concordant dental identifiers (DI) and the presence of discrepancies present in a dental radiograph has a demonstrated impact on forensic practitioners’ ability to interpret dental radiographs for positive identification. However, few studies have tested how matching accuracy is influenced by individuals’ experience and expertise in conjunction with testing the utility of pathological dental identifiers. Therefore, in this study, a survey questionnaire was designed 1) to test if the presence/absence of dental pathological conditions and dental restorations would lead to more correct matches when CDAs are conducted in medicolegal death investigation (MDI), 2) to determine if respondents’ expertise and experience would affect their ability to make correct matches, and 3) to investigate which DI were most/least beneficial in making correct matches. To test these hypotheses, 60 decedents' dental radiographs (i.e., one antemortem and one post-mortem) were collected from the Washoe County Regional Medical Examiner's Office (WCRMEO) and compiled into a questionnaire survey. The questionnaire survey was administered on Qualtrics XM Software to a sample of respondents (N=6) with known experience and expertise in dental anthropology, the forensic sciences, and forensic odontology. The sixty arrays were divided into four sections by match/non-match and presence/absence of dental restorations and/or pathological conditions. Results from this study suggest that the presence of DI has a notable effect on match accuracy rates, particularly when radiographs are of the same individual; although, the non-match category with pathological conditions had a higher accuracy rate than the arrays without pathological conditions, even though the difference was small. In addition, no respondents achieved a perfect score in the questionnaire survey, and there no differences among respondents groups. These results indicate that people with known experience and expertise in dental anthropology, the forensic sciences, and forensic odontology may be able to make correct matches in CDA; however, comparative literature suggests that only people with dental qualifications and experience should conduct CDAs in MDI
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Concurrent Crises: An Integrative Approach to Chemical Ecology and Natural Products Chemistry in the Anthropocene
Get PDFUnderstanding the ecological and public health consequences of anthropogenic climate change poses one of the greatest scientific challenges of the Anthropocene. Concomitant extinctions and changes in community composition necessitate the cataloging of chemically mediated interactions, while the development of new drugs becomes critical in the face of changes in human health as the planet warms. A framework through which chemical ecology and drug discovery efforts can be integrated would accelerate innovation in these concurrent crises. Guided by foreknowledge of relevant ecological interactions, the expansive chemical space provided by natural products serves as a pool from which new drug leads can be discovered. The goal of this dissertation is to establish a framework connecting ecological and natural products discovery pipelines while cross-pollenating ecological and drug discovery concepts, leading to new tools which can advance both ecological and drug discovery endeavors. In chapter one, methods are developed for utilizing chemical diversity to improve semi-purification and screening prioritization in a drug discovery pipeline while simultaneously adapting compound activity mapping to an ecological application wherein related volatile chemicals in Piper spp. are associated with specific manifestations of herbivory. Chapter two describes a framework for considering structural complexity in the context of phytochemical diversity while examining how compositional diversity and molecular complexity are manifested spectroscopically. Methods are also developed to correct the concentration dependence of chemical diversity indices. In chapter three, a novel method for classification of structurally related phytochemicals based upon chromatographic and mass spectrometric data is described. This method is complementary to existing correlative methods of classification for chemical ecology studies, and could also prove useful in drug discovery efforts by elucidating relationships between bioactivity and groups of structurally related compounds. Chapter four outlines the discovery and quantitation of octopamine and tyramine in flower nectar establishing biologically relevant doses for behavioral experiments. Additionally, I apply discriminant analysis of principal components to the classification of individual plants based on the phytochemical profile of their nectar and annotate the phytochemicals involved in differentiating these nectars �" all of which expand the understanding of nectar rewards in plant-insect systems. This represents another tool which was developed for an ecological application but could also be used for chemotyping in drug discovery bioassays. This work represents an advance in the conceptual integration between chemical ecology and NP drug discovery, as well as the development of statistical tools which can be applied in both areas. These advances towards developing an integrated framework will facilitate future experiments which pursue chemical ecology and drug discovery objectives
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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