1,721,008 research outputs found
Making an economic case for security
No full textAuthors of this chapter look at the generally positive image of security that evolves from applying an economic analysis. Reviewing 32 studies using different economic forms of analyses and accepting a lack of robust data on the costs and benefits of specific interventions, they conclude that most studies found that the security and crime prevention interventions produced benefits larger than costs, and thus there is prima facie evidence that such interventions are economically efficient.No Full Tex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Artificial intelligence (AI) development in the Vietnam's energy and economic systems: A critical review
No full textVietnam plans to develop artificial intelligence (AI) markets but is still at the early development stages of investment, regulation and research development. A critical review of facts from international markets and neighbouring regions is thus highly demanded to identify important trends in emerging regulation, development strategies and research relevant to the inherent competitive advantages of Vietnam. We collect AI-related artifacts from major AI markets and Southeast Asian countries and compare this to Vietnam's existing frameworks vis-à-vis investment, regulatory environment and research orientation. We find Vietnam is well behind other countries in Southeast Asia and that public and private investment is required and requires supporting mechanisms to originate the relevant markets at early stages in order to drive effective resource allocation. Specific areas to be focused include agriculture and renewable energy, given the competitive advantages of Vietnam's rich agricultural land and renewable energy resources. We also find AI-related studies are limited, but can be expected to develop significantly given global trends in decarbonisation and sustainable agricultural supply chains. For Vietnam, Hanoi, Ho Chi Minh city and Danang are the focus of central AI hubs but nearby industrial estates should also be developed.Full Tex
Example-based explanations for streaming fraud detection on graphs
No full textFraud detection is one of the most important tasks in Web platforms such as e-commerce, social media, network security, and financial systems. To prevent fraudulent actions from misleading customers or causing significant losses for businesses, various fraud detection methods have been proposed in recent years. However, research on fraud definitions, characteristics, and behaviours has been limited to which users, items, and transactions are considered fraudulent rather than why these entities have been classified as such. This inhibits effective validation of the detected frauds as well as countermeasure design. In this paper, we argue that explanations for discovered frauds may be provided in terms of prior identified frauds. A large variety of comparable frauds would assist investigators to generalise, allowing them to grasp the characteristics that are significant for fraud detection. Feature-annotated graphs are frequently used to detect the type of fraud in which fraudsters commonly interact with a large number of benign users to conceal themselves. Given a fraud subgraph, we propose a query-by-example approach for indexing and extracting the k most similar and diverse fraud subgraphs from prior frauds. To achieve an efficient and adaptive realisation of the approach in a streaming setting, we present a novel graph representation learning technique and discuss the implementation considerations. Comparing our study against baseline techniques revealed that our approach outperforms them in delivering meaningful explanations for various fraud camouflage behaviours.Full Tex
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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