1,721,068 research outputs found
Gender arrangements and pension systems in Britain and Germany: tracing change over five decades
No full textThis paper studies the modernisation of gender arrangements and the restructuring of pension systems in the United Kingdom and Germany since the 1950s. We firstly aim to pinpoint the time when pension programmes were apt components of the ‘strong bread-winner model’. Secondly, we explore the assumption that pension systems are tools of stratification, by comparing the ways in which the constraints and incentives of these pension systems have been in line with typical life courses of women.Our paper argues that the constraints and incentives of pensions have altered quite significantly over time, questioning whether they have appropriately been characterised as components of strong breadwinner models over the long term. In the UK the pension system only supported the strong breadwinner model until the mid-1970s, while the German system never fully supported it. In addition, it is shown that the impact of pensions on women’s behaviour is relatively limited. At times, women’s lives were in accordance with the male breadwinner model, and they suffered high poverty risks despite having potential access to a more modern pension regime; during other periods, their employment choices were at odds with the strong directives issued by pension regulations to stay at home. This demonstrates the importance of taking other factors, such as cultural influences and other societal institutions into account when exploring the impact of social policies on citizens’ lives; but it also poses the question of whether pensions are really important building blocks of the breadwinner model
Die Geschlechter-Dimension in der Restrukturierung von Rentensystemen — Deutschland und Großbritannien im Vergleich
No full text
The change of normative gender orders in the process of migration. A transnational perspective
Full text linkJungwirth I. The change of normative gender orders in the process of migration. A transnational perspective. COMCAD Arbeitspapiere - working papers, 48. Bielefeld: COMCAD - Center on Migration, Citizenship and Development; 2008.In this paper, the question of social change for women as actors of migration is examined. Apart from feminist theory and international gender studies, this topic is located in migration studies and social theory as well. It is proposed to analyse the transformation of gender norms in processes of migration in connection with the changes taking place in the domain of labour, namely the increasing tertiarisation in post-industrial societies on the one hand, and a globalising economy and international distribution of labour following from this on the other. A concept for transnational gender orders is outlined, proposing that, along with these economic and structural processes, normative requirements and ascriptions for social actors are emerging as well. They target the gender performance of women as actors of migration, insofar as an assumed universal gender socialisation as women is becoming a qualification and resource in an international distribution of labour
Neue Wege der Forschung
No full textIn der OECD-Welt wird etwa ein Viertel des gesamten Bruttoinlandsprodukts und knapp die Hälfte der Staatsausgaben für den Sozialstaat, also die Sicherung gegen zentrale Lebensrisiken, verwendet. Deutschland gehört dabei zur Spitzengruppe, widmet dem jedoch kaum Forschungsenergien. Die Leistungen des Sozialstaats sind für eine immer größer werdende Zahl von Menschen überlebenswichtig und seine Reformen prägen heute den politischen Alltag. Angesichts seiner vielfältigen Herausforderungen – etwa durch den Wandel der Bildungs- und Arbeitswelt sowie der Familienstrukturen und durch massive demographische Veränderungen – muss dem Sozialstaat künftig nachhaltig größere Aufmerksamkeit in Wissenschaft und Forschung gelten. Andernfalls wird »Sozialpolitik im Blindflug« normal und Sicherungserfolg zufällig. In dieser Denkschrift werden die anstehenden Herausforderungen bilanziert und auf breiter Front neue Perspektiven für eine thematische und analytische Neuausrichtung der Sozialpolitikforschung vorgeschlagen
COVID-19 and Policies for Care Homes in European Welfare States:Too little, too late?
No full textThis article examines COVID-19 and residential care for older people, comparing countries drawn from different welfare state models - Denmark, England, Germany, Italy and Spain - to identify the policy approaches taken to the virus in care homes and set these in institutional and policy systemic context. Pandemic policies towards care homes across the countries are compared in terms of lockdown, testing and the supply of personal protective equipment (PPE). The comparative analysis shows a clear cross-national clustering: Denmark and Germany group together by virtue of their relatively proactive approach whereas England, Italy and Spain had major weaknesses which resulted in delayed or inadequate responses. The paper goes on to show that these outcomes and country clustering are embedded in particular LTC policy systems. The factors that we highlight as especially important in differentiating the countries are the resourcing of the sector, the extent to which LTC and care homes are regulated, and the degree of vertical (and to a lesser extent horizontal) integration of coordination in the LTC sector and between it and the health sector.This article examines COVID-19 and residential care for older people during the first wave of the pandemic in 2020, comparing a range of countries – Denmark, England, Germany, Italy and Spain – to identify the policy approaches taken to the virus in care homes and set these in institutional and policy context. Pandemic policies towards care homes are compared in terms of lockdown, testing and the supply of personal protective equipment. The comparative analysis shows a clear cross-national clustering: Denmark and Germany group together by virtue of the proactive approach adopted, whereas England, Italy and Spain had major weaknesses resulting in delayed and generally inadequate responses. The article goes on to show that these outcomes and country clustering are embedded in particular long-term care (LTC) policy systems. The factors that we highlight as especially important in differentiating the countries are the resourcing of the sector, the regulation of LTC and care homes, and the degree of vertical (and to a lesser extent horizontal) coordination in the sector and between it and the health sector
Neue Wege der Forschung
No full textIn der OECD-Welt wird etwa ein Viertel des gesamten Bruttoinlandsprodukts und knapp die Hälfte der Staatsausgaben für den Sozialstaat, also die Sicherung gegen zentrale Lebensrisiken, verwendet. Deutschland gehört dabei zur Spitzengruppe, widmet dem jedoch kaum Forschungsenergien. Die Leistungen des Sozialstaats sind für eine immer größer werdende Zahl von Menschen überlebenswichtig und seine Reformen prägen heute den politischen Alltag. Angesichts seiner vielfältigen Herausforderungen – etwa durch den Wandel der Bildungs- und Arbeitswelt sowie der Familienstrukturen und durch massive demographische Veränderungen – muss dem Sozialstaat künftig nachhaltig größere Aufmerksamkeit in Wissenschaft und Forschung gelten. Andernfalls wird »Sozialpolitik im Blindflug« normal und Sicherungserfolg zufällig. In dieser Denkschrift werden die anstehenden Herausforderungen bilanziert und auf breiter Front neue Perspektiven für eine thematische und analytische Neuausrichtung der Sozialpolitikforschung vorgeschlagen
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