1,720,959 research outputs found
The Long Shadow: The Long-Term Consequences of Armed Conflict for Population Change in Tajikistan
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2018Armed conflict creates uncertainty, endangers individual physical safety, and threatens the destruction of institutions. This dissertation examines the long-term consequences of armed conflict for educational attainment, abortion, and migration, ten years after the end of the Tajikistani civil war. Short-term disruptions in schooling during the war have ramifications for degree completion later in life for boys, while broad changes stemming from the regime change have ramifications for girls’ attainment. These differences diminish for the region where investment in education has been consistently higher, suggesting that development strategies can moderate the negative effects of armed conflict in the long run. For some cohorts of women, the likelihood of having an abortion decreased over the long run when exposed to conflict at childbearing ages, although for some women the number of abortions declined. These changes fade over the long run. Finally, exposure to conflict events fundamentally changes some features of the institutional landscape which in turn affect livelihood strategies. People in places with more exposure to conflict events were more likely to decide to migrate ten years after the end of the war, all else equal. Together, these findings suggest that when it comes to the long-term outcomes of armed conflict, it is not only individual exposure that matters, but also institutional exposure
Migration as an adaptive response to ethnic nationalism in Russia
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2014In this paper, I argue that migration responses to push factors differ along ethnic lines. I examine this hypothesis using panel survey data from the Russia Longitudinal Monitoring Survey, census data, and regional-level political data from Russia. I hypothesize that nationalist political parties send signals of anti-minority sentiment, which ethnic minorities interpret as threatening to their prospects in the region. This leads to a demand for an adaptive response, generating out-migration. I estimate an event history model and find that, although ethnic minorities do not demonstrate a higher propensity to migrate than the majority group, they do respond differently to political and economic push factors, in particular, to signals sent by nationalist parties
Religious Capital as Human, Cultural, Social, and Emotional: Toward a Sociological Theory of Membership Dynamics in Religious Voluntary Associations
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2012This dissertation theorizes and tests the effect of religious capital on three religious behaviors: religious participation, denominational exit/retention, and religious giving. Religious capital is conceptualized as human, cultural, social, and emotional capital. In particular, religious knowledge is proposed and used as a direct measure of religious human/cultural capital. Drawing on and extending Iannaccone's Religious Human Capital theory and Collins' Interaction Ritual Chain theory, this dissertation hypothesizes that: religious human capital increases religious participation over time; religious human capital specific to a denomination has a greater positive effect on denominational retention than less specific forms; and positive emotions experienced during religious rituals increase religious giving. These hypotheses were tested quantitatively using three datasets: Project Canada (a longitudinal panel survey), the Salt Lake City and San Francisco Survey of Mormons, and the U.S. Congregational Life Survey (a multilevel survey of individuals within congregations). The quantitative analyses provide support for the hypotheses. This dissertation concludes by providing a dual-process model framework of religious behavior as a means to integrate diverse micro-foundations
The Long Shadow: The Long-Term Consequences of Armed Conflict for Population Change in Tajikistan
No full textThesis (Ph.D.)--University of Washington, 2018Armed conflict creates uncertainty, endangers individual physical safety, and threatens the destruction of institutions. This dissertation examines the long-term consequences of armed conflict for educational attainment, abortion, and migration, ten years after the end of the Tajikistani civil war. Short-term disruptions in schooling during the war have ramifications for degree completion later in life for boys, while broad changes stemming from the regime change have ramifications for girls’ attainment. These differences diminish for the region where investment in education has been consistently higher, suggesting that development strategies can moderate the negative effects of armed conflict in the long run. For some cohorts of women, the likelihood of having an abortion decreased over the long run when exposed to conflict at childbearing ages, although for some women the number of abortions declined. These changes fade over the long run. Finally, exposure to conflict events fundamentally changes some features of the institutional landscape which in turn affect livelihood strategies. People in places with more exposure to conflict events were more likely to decide to migrate ten years after the end of the war, all else equal. Together, these findings suggest that when it comes to the long-term outcomes of armed conflict, it is not only individual exposure that matters, but also institutional exposure
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Evaluating Thinking for a Change within Washington Prisons: Reformational Paternalism as the Fruits of Mass Incarceration and Neoliberal Approaches to Criminal Justice
No full textThesis (Master's)--University of Washington, 2023This paper evaluates the Thinking for a Change program in Washington State prisons in the context of the Criminal Justice System's broader Political and Economic dynamics. In the latter
half of the 20th century, the political landscape in America saw a rise in the number of
incarcerated individuals due to more prolonged and harsher sentencing reforms; this, along with
the spread of austerity and paternalistic neoliberalism, disproportionately affects marginalized
groups such as BIPOC, the poor, substance-abusing populations, and the mentally ill. The
concentration of various needs in the carceral system has led to the coalescing of government
functions, academic research, and medical and mental health care provision. Interventions such
as Thinking for a Change integrate knowledge from these fields. However, a lack of sociological
understanding of the criminal justice system's perpetuation and harsh punishment of poverty,
combined with a narrow definition of "success," hinders our ability to provide necessary services
to the incarcerated population. By contextualizing Thinking for a Change and improving on past
research, this project introduces alternative considerations of how paternalism and poverty
governance manifest and considers the consequences of the widening net for the center of it
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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