1,721,102 research outputs found
Contribution of central nervous system MRI to lower urinary tract control
No full textLa neuro-imagerie est un outil puissant pour étudier le contrôle cérébral sur le bas appareil urinaire. L'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) nous permet aujourd'hui de comprendre quelles zones du cerveau jouent un rôle dans les phases de stockage et de miction du cycle mictionnel. Celui-ci implique de multiples zones clés de organisées en un réseau cérébral complexe que l'imagerie par résonance magnétique fonctionnelle (IRMf) tend à décrire depuis une vingtaine d'années. Nous avons étudié plusieurs dimensions inexplorées du réseau cerveau-vessie en IRMf.Une revue exhaustive de la littérature était notre point de départ pour mettre à jour les progrès de l'IRMf dans la description du réseau cerveau-vessie et nous avons présenté les lacunes de connaissances. Parmi les résultats, nous avons montré que le rôle du cervelet devait être clarifié et que le contrôle de la vessie par la moelle épinière et la tractographie des symptômes urinaires dans la sclérose en plaque (SEP) n'avaient jamais été étudiés.Nous avons donc réalisé une étude IRMf sur le remplissage de la vessie à l'état de repos afin de déterminer de nouvelles régions d'intérêt dans le cervelet.Ensuite, nous avons travaillé sur l'imagerie du tenseur de diffusion (TD) de la SEP pour évaluer les associations entre les symptômes du bas appareil urinaire et la charge lésionnelle des faisceaux de fibres blanche (FFB) associée à la progression de la maladie.Enfin, nous avons conçu un protocole d'étude pour évaluer l'activité IRMf liée à la tâche dans la miction de la moelle épinière à l'aide d'un nouvel outil dédié pour déclencher le réflexe bulbocaverneux.Nous avons examiné la littérature des 12 dernières années en utilisant des mots-clés appliqués à la base de données Medline.Les activations du cervelet ont été analysées sur une séquence IRMf à l'état de repos. Vingt volontaires sains ont été étudiés avant et après le remplissage de la vessie. Trois régions ont été identifié avec une analyse région d’intérêt vers voxel.Les FFB de dix femmes atteintes de sclérose en plaques et présentant des symptômes mictionnels a été analysée. Le % de résidu post-mictionnel/capacité vésicale montrait une forte association avec la progression de la maladie et la dégradation des FFB.Nous avons construit un marteau réflexe compatible IRM pour déclencher facilement le réflexe bulbocaverneux et explorer la moelle épinière lombosacrée en IRMf. Pendant le remplissage de la vessie, des activations significatives ont été retrouvées.L'IRM et ses dérivés sont essentiels pour comprendre le fonctionnement de l'appareil urinaire. Nous avons identifié des zones du cervelet à intégrer dans le modèle, défini des symptômes urologiques en corrélation avec la progression de la SEP et la dégradation des FFB associée, et mis au point un outil permettant d'étudier pour la première fois les centres sacrés de la miction.Ces résultats font non seulement progresser notre compréhension du réseau cerveau-vessie, mais ouvrent également la voie à de futures recherches et applications cliniques dans ces trois domaines interconnectés.Neuroimaging is a powerful tool for investigating the neural control of the lower urinary tract. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) now allows us to understand which brain areas contribute to the proper function of the storage and voiding of the lower urinary tract. The micturition cycle involves multiple control key zones organized in a complex brain network that functional MRI (fMRI) imaging has tended to describe for the past twenty years. We studied several unexplored aspects of the brain-bladder network on fMRI.We reviewed the fMRI advances in the brain bladder network description and presenting the gaps in knowledge. Among the findings, we showed that the cerebellum's role needed to be clarified and that spinal cord bladder control and tractography of urinary symptoms in multiple sclerosis (MS) had never been studied.Thus, we performed an fMRI resting-state bladder filling study to determine new regions of interest in the cerebellum.Then, we worked on multiple sclerosis (MS) diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to assess associations between lower urinary tract symptoms and the white matter tract (WMT) burden associated with the disease progression.Finally, we designed a protocol study to assess task-related fMRI activity within the spinal cord micturition with a new dedicated tool to elicit the bulbocavernosus reflex.We reviewed the literature for the past 12 years using a keyword formula applied to the Medline database.Cerebellum activations were analyzed on a resting-state fMRI sequence. Twenty healthy volunteers were studied before and after bladder filling. Three regions were identified with a seed-to-voxel analysis.The WMT of ten MS women with voiding symptoms was analyzed. The % post-void residual/bladder capacity showed the strongest association between disease progression and WMT degradation.We built an MRI-compatible reflex hammer that successfully conveniently triggered the bulbocavernosus reflex, allowing for exploring the lumbosacral spinal cord in fMRI. During bladder filling, significant activations were elicited.MRI and its derivatives are vital in understanding the functioning of the urinary tract. We have identified areas of the cerebellum for integration into the model, defined urological symptoms correlated with MS progression and degradation of associated WMT and developed a tool to study the sacral centers of micturition for the first time.These significant findings not only advance our understanding of the brain-bladder network but also pave the way for future research and clinical applications in these three interconnected fields
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
AMS‐800 Artificial urinary sphincter in female patients with stress urinary incontinence: A systematic review
No full textAims To perform a systematic review of studies reporting the outcomes of AMS‐800 artificial urinary sphincter (AUS) implantation in female patients with stress urinary incontinence (SUI) resulting from intrinsic sphincter deficiency (ISD). Methods A systematic literature search of the Medline and Embase databases was performed in June 2018 in accordance with the PRISMA statement. No time limit was used. The protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42018099612). Study selection and data extraction were performed by two independent reviewers. Results Of 886 records screened, 17 were included. All were retrospective or prospective non‐comparative case series. One study reported on vaginal AUS implantation, 11 on open AUS implantation, two on laparoscopic AUS implantation, two on robot‐assisted AUS implantation and one compared open and robot‐assisted implantations. The vast majority of patients had undergone at least one anti‐incontinence surgical procedure prior to AUS implantation (69.1‐100%). The intraoperative bladder neck injury rates ranged from 0% to 43.8% and the intraoperative vaginal injury rates ranged from 0 to 25%. After mean follow‐up periods ranging from 5 to 204 months, the complete continence rates ranged from 61.1% to 100%. The rates of explantation, erosion and mechanical failure varied from 0% to 45.3%, 0% to 22.2% and 0% to 44.1%, respectively. Conclusions AMS‐800 AUS can provide excellent functional outcomes in female patients with SUI resulting from ISD but at the cost of a relatively high morbidity. High level of evidence studies are needed to help better define the role of AUS in the female SUI armamentarium
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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