1,721,232 research outputs found
Diagnose der akuten und späten Neuritis nervi optici in der Augenheilkunde
Full text linkDie Neuritis nervi optici stellt eine bedeutende Herausforderung in der ophthalmologischen Diagnostik dar. Ein klinischer Ansatz zur Untersuchung umfasst sowohl eine eingehende Anamnese als auch spezifische Untersuchungen zur Beurteilung von Sehschärfe, Farbsehen und relativen afferenten Pupillendefekten. Die im Jahr 2022 eingeführten ICON-Diagnosekriterien bieten ein aktualisiertes und umfassendes Framework zur Identifikation und Klassifizierung dieser Erkrankung. Die ICON 2022 Klassifizierung hilft dabei, die verschiedenen Untertypen und Verläufe der Optikusneuritis differenzierter zu erfassen.
In der klinischen Praxis lassen sich drei typische Szenarien der Optikusneuritis identifizieren: akute, subakute und chronische Verläufe. Ein besonderer Fokus liegt auf der zeitlichen Differenzierung zwischen akuter und später Optikusneuritis, wobei retinale Asymmetrien in Prozent als diagnostische Indikatoren dienen können. Zudem wird die primär progressive Neuritis nervi optici als eigenständige Entität diskutiert, die besondere diagnostische und therapeutische Ansätze erfordert.
Für die Zukunft sind weitere Überarbeitungen der ICON-Diagnosekriterien geplant, um neue Erkenntnisse und technologische Fortschritte, insbesondere im Bereich der Bildgebung und Biomarker, zu integrieren. Diese kontinuierliche Entwicklung trägt dazu bei, die Diagnostik und Behandlung der Neuritis nervi optici in der Augenheilkunde zu optimieren.
Diagnosis and classification of optic neuritis
Petzold, Axel et al.
The Lancet Neurology, Volume 21, Issue 12, 1120 - 113
Temporal alterations in cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta-protein and apolipoprotein E after subarachnoid hemorrhage
No full textBackground and Purpose— The mechanism underlying the association between possession of the APOE{epsilon}4 allele and less favorable outcome after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains to be determined. After SAH the level of apolipoprotein E (apoE) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is decreased, and lower levels are associated with more severe injury and less favorable outcome. This study examined serial CSF samples to determine the time course for the decrease in CSF apoE and the relationship between CSF apoE and amyloid ß-protein (Aß), testing the hypothesis that apoE-Aß interactions occur in vivo after SAH.Methods— Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to assay apoE, Aß1–40, and Aß1–42 in serial ventricular CSF samples from 19 patients with SAH and 13 controls. CSF S100B and {tau} were assayed as surrogate markers of brain injury.Results— There was a sustained decrease in CSF apoE (P<0.001) and Aß (P<0.001) after SAH in contrast to the observed elevation in CSF S100B (P<0.001) and {tau} (P<0.001) concentration. There was significant correlation between CSF Aß concentration and clinical outcome (r=0.65, P<0.01), and the decrease in CSF Aß concentration correlated significantly with that of apoE (r=0.85, P<0.0001).Conclusions— After SAH both apoE and Aß levels decrease in the CSF, supporting the concept that interactions between these proteins occur in vivo. The possibility that apoE and Aß influence outcome after SAH warrants further investigation
Cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E concentration decreases after traumatic brain injury
No full textThe APOE epsilon4 allele has been associated with unfavorable outcome after several types of acute brain injury, yet the biological mechanisms underlying this observation are poorly understood. Postmortem and experimental brain injury studies suggest the presence of increased amounts of apolipoprotein E (apoE) within the neuropil after acute brain injury. We assayed the concentration of apolipoprotein E in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of non-injured controls and patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI) to determine whether differences exist, and if these differences correlate with injury severity and clinical outcome. CSF apoE and S100B, a marker of injury severity, were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbant assay. CSF was sampled from 27 traumatic brain injury patients (mean age 32, median 25, range 16-65 years) within 3 days of injury, and 28 controls (mean age 40, median 37, range 19-73 years). The TBI patients all had a Glasgow Coma Score (GCS) of less than eight (i.e., severe head injury). Clinical outcome was determined using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS). The average concentration of apoE in the CSF of controls was 12.4 mg/L (95% CI: 10.5-14.3 mg/L) and in TBI patients was 3.7 mg/L (95% CI: 2.1-4.1 mg/L; Mann-Whitney: p < 0.0001). In contrast, the concentration of S100B in the CSF of TBI patients was significantly higher than that of controls (Mann-Whitney: p < 0.0001). We speculate that apoE is retained within the parenchyma of the central nervous system in response to injury where in view of previous data, it may have a protective role
Triple-H therapy in the management of aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage
No full textCerebral vasospasm is a recognised but poorly understood complication for many patients who have aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage and can lead to delayed ischaemic neurological deficit (stroke). Morbidity and mortality rates for vasospasm are high despite improvements in management. Since the middle of the 1970s, much has been written about the treatment of cerebral vasospasm. Hypervolaemia, hypertension, and haemodilution (triple-H) therapy in an intensive-care setting has been shown in some studies to improve outcome and is an accepted means of treatment, although a randomised controlled trial has never been undertaken. In this review, the rationale for this approach will be discussed, alongside new thoughts and future prospects for the management of this complex disorder
Alterations in cerebrospinal fluid apolipoprotein E and amyloid beta-protein after traumatic brain injury
No full textThere is evidence that apolipoprotein E (apoE) and amyloid beta-protein (Abeta), which are implicated in the pathology of chronic neurodegenerative disorders, are involved in the response of the brain to acute injury; however, human in vivo evidence is sparse. We conducted a prospective observational study to determine the magnitude and time-course of alterations in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) apoE and Abeta concentrations after traumatic brain injury (TBI), and the relationship of these changes to severity of injury and clinical outcome. Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) was used to assay apoE, Abeta(1-40) and Abeta(1-42) in serial CSF samples from 13 patients with TBI and 13 controls. CSF S100B and tau were assayed as surrogate markers of brain injury. There was a significant decrease in CSF apoE (p < 0.001) and Abeta (p< 0.001) after TBI contrasting the observed elevation in CSF S100B (p < 0.001) and tau (p < 0.001) concentration. There was significant correlation (r = 0.67, p = 0.01) between injury severity and the decrease in Abeta(1-40) concentration after TBI. In vivo, changes in apoE and Abeta concentration occur after TBI and may be important in the response of the human brain to injury
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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