1,721,027 research outputs found
CLINICAL STUDIES WITH BOTANICALS AND HOW TO CARRY THEM OUT: THE EUROPEAN UNION PERSPECTIVE
No full textUnlike Unites States, the European Union considers botanicals as medicinal products with some similarity with pharmaceutical drugs. Therefore, EU follows stricter guidelines with respect to requirements for safety, plausible efficacy and quality data prior to approval of botanicals. In this editorial opinion paper, we have summarized various steps required for clinical approval of botanicals for marketing in EU
CLINICAL STUDIES WITH NUTRACEUTICAIS AND HOW TO CARRY THEM OUT
No full textIn this editorial opinion paper, we have discussed differences and similarities between how European Union and US Food and Drug Administration define nutraceuticals. Furthermore, issues and concerns related to these differences and similarities in clinical evaluation of safety and efficacy of nutraceuticals have been described and discussed
PLANNING MEANINGFUL CLINICAL TRIALS WITH BOTANICALS AND NUTRACEUTICALS: NEED FORA CROSS-TALK BETWEEN SCIENCE, BUSINESS AND THE REGULATORY DEMAND
No full textDespite the fact that the use of botanicals and nutraceuticals may offer an opportunity for health promotion, the support of the scientific community is not unequivocal. In this editorial opinion paper, we discuss different issues associated with meaningful data collection to support the role of botanicals and nutraceuticals in health promotion. These discussions have been framed to reach an economically feasible approach to data collection to provide a safe and efficacious product based on meaningful science
Chronic venous disorders: Correlation between visible signs, symptoms, and presence of functional disease
No full textBackgroun& The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of chronic venous disorders (CVD) in different demographic groups in Italy and to provide correlations between patterns of valve incompetence and clinical feature of disease severity. Methods. Advertisements in television and newspapers in 53 Italian cities were used to solicit 16,251 subjects (13,826 women, mean age 50.4 years; 2,425 men, mean age 59.1 years). They underwent a clinical examination of the lower limbs, including presence and severity of visible signs (CEAP classification), and assessment of functional disease by color-coded duplex ultrasound imaging. Results. Varicose veins and telangiectases were the most common objective signs in both men and women. Older people were more severely affected. Telangiectascs were more frequent in women, and men had a higher incidence of trunk varices, trophic changes, and venous reflux. Frequency of both visible and functional venous disease increased with family history and body mass index. Presence of reflux correlated positively with increasing CEAP grade of visible disease (P for trend < .0001 for all superficial venous segments). A large number of subjects, especially women, complained of subjective symptoms in the legs, and the presence of symptoms correlated almost always positively with both worsening of visible findings (P for trend < .001) and presence of hemodynamic change in both genders. Conclusions: The frequency of reflux increased with the severity of visible signs of disease as described by the CEAP classification. In men, the occurrence of subjective symptoms was mostly correlated with functional disorders. OI Petrini, Orlando/0000-0002-1234-783
Therapeutic Options and Patterns of Prescription in Chronic Venous Disorders: Results of a 3-Year Survey in Italy
No full textObjectives: To assess self-management of chronic venous disorders (CVDs) in a selected Italian population and the pattern of prescription by selected Italian phlebologists. Design: Cross-sectional study carried out between 2003 and 2005. Materials: Non-random, transverse sample of men and women recruited by advertising. Methods: Assessment of therapeutic habits of respondents, treatment advice given by phlebologists related to socio-demographic variables and severity of the disease. Multivariate odds ratios for sex, age, class, region, family history and severity of the disease. Results: Women undergo CVD therapy more than men (odds ratio (OR): 2.37 for medical treatment; 1.29 for surgical treatment and 5.72 for sclerotherapy). Young people prefer drug treatment to compression stockings. Drug therapy for CVD is 1.5 times more likely in southern Italian respondents, as is compression stockings (OR: 1.91). Surgical therapy is more frequent in Northern Italy (OR for Central Italy: 0.79; Southern Italy and Islands: 0.76). Family history of CVD leads people to early treatment of symptoms. Conclusions: This study provides insight into self-medication of CVD in Italy and the prescribing patterns of Italian phlebologists in the treatment of CVD. It shows that the population interviewed is able to practise responsible self-medication of their CVD problems. (c) 2009 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Therapy of venous disorders in Italy: results of a three-year survey
No full textAim. The aim of this paper was to investigate the behavior of a non-random sample of Italian chronic venous disorders (CVD) sufferers in the management of their complaints and to analyse the treatments recommended by phlebologists towards this problem. Methods. This was a cohort study as a part of a large CVD prevention programme. The sample was a non-random, cross-sectional sample of male and female patients selected through advertisements. Subjects described subjectively the presence of CVD complaints and the presence of CVD was then assessed conclusively by a specialist. Information about the different types of therapeutic intervention implemented before the examination or recommended by the specialist was collected. Each treatment option was related to socio-demographic variables, with particular reference to the region where patients lived, their family history and the severity of objective clinical signs. Results. The study analysed 31 659 subjects. In this sample, the most common manifestations of venous disease, especially in young women, were telangiectases; saphenous or non-saphenous varicose veins are slightly more frequent in males and subjects over 50 years of age. Medical or compression therapies were performed by a large portion of the population (>30%). Young people tend to prefer medical to compression therapy. In Southern Italy, medical therapy is widespread whereas in Central Italy compression stockings are only infrequently used. Specialists tend generally to prescribe conservative therapies for less severe forms of chronic venous insufficiency (CVI). Compression stockings seem to be gradually replaced by drug therapy, in particular products of natural origin. Among natural remedies, bioflavonoids are the most used ones, whereas among terpenes, topical aescine is the most widespread. Conclusion. The present study has demonstrated that in a large percentage of cases, Italian consumers suffering from problems related to venous insufficiency carry out conscious and informed self-medication
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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