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Peter Timms - Ideas about the thing or the thing itself (Art Forum)
No full textArt Forum presented by Peter Timms.
Lecture title: Ideas about the thing or the thing itself
Summary: Peter Timms surveys the history of criticism and looks at issues confronting criticism toda
Eulimnadia kimberleyensis Timms, 2018, sp. nov.
No full textEulimnadia kimberleyensis sp. nov. (Figs 1, 2). Etymology. This species is named for the area of Australia in which it occurs. Type material. Holotype. Female. Rock pool. Western Australia, Kimberley, Gardner Plateau, from 14o 47’ 2.1”S, 126o 31’ 18.9”E. Length 4 mm, height 3.1 mm (WAM C72086), coll A. Cross, March 2012. Paratypes. Two females. Lengths 4.0 and 3.9 mm (WAM C72087) from the same locality. Diagnosis. Egg spherical with about 36 grooves arranged randomly and about 30 µm long; walls of grooves thick and rounded with surface usually crenulated at right angles to groove axis. Female first antennae with about three lobes; second antennae with 7 antennomeres and generally 4–5 spines dorsally. Telson with about 19 dorsal spines and cercopod with about 8 long setae. Description. Egg (Fig 1A, B, C). Spherical, mean diameter 128 µm, range 122 to 134 µm, n = 10. Surface with about 36 (range 33–42, n = 10) grooves each about 30 µm long and arranged randomly. Tertiary layer represented by the apparent groove walls spongiform and thick and rounded, though surface usually crenulated at right angles to the major axis; sometimes a minor elevated area where walls of adjacent grooves confluent. In cross section, each groove—wall system consists of 80–90% wall and only 10–20% flat-floored groove with a distinct demarcation between the two. Female. Head (Fig. 2B) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying most (ca 80%) of it. Rostrum broadly rounded and protruding a little less than the ocular tubercle. Ocellus about as large as the compound eye and located in the middle base of the rostrum. Frons-rostrum angle about 150o. Dorsal organ posterior to the eye by about its height, pedunculated, asymmetrical and about half as high as the ocular tubercle. First antenna (Fig 2B) short, about 40% the length of the peduncle of the second antenna, and with three lobes, each with short sensory fine setae. Second antenna (Fig 2C) with 7 antennomeres, most (II to VI) with 4–5 short spines dorsally and 3–5 long setae ventrally. Basal antennomere with just 3 spines and a seta while distal antennomere with 2 spines and about seven setae. Carapace (Fig 2A) elongated oval with a vaulted dorsal and ventral edge and weak anterodorsal and posterodorsal angles. Abductor muscle scar at about 45o to carapace long axis. Carapace pellucid and without markings except for five growth lines, generally well spaced except near the ventral edge. Trunk of 18 segments. Dorsal surface of posteriormost 9–10 segments with many long two-segmented setae and sometimes shorter spines. Thoracopods of trunk segments IX and X with long epipods for retaining eggs. Telson (Fig 2D) with 9 dorsal spines followed by a large spiniform projection, the first spine about 20% larger than the next few followed by some variation in size and spacing along the row. Spines smooth. Telsonic filaments inserted on a mound between 2nd and 3rd spine. A moderate declivity posterior to the mound, remainder of telsonic floor sloping evenly and gently to cercopod base. Cercopod a little shorter than telson length and with a short spine about 80% along its length separating a thicker basal area supporting setae from a thinning distal area with a weak cirrus of small denticles. Short laminate spine with about 7 serrations on anterior surface and two small spines near the base. (see Fig. 2D insert). Eight long cercopod setae, their length about twice the basal diameter of the cercopod. Prominent spiniform projection on ventroposterior corner of telson. Variability. There are only three specimens available, so little can be added on variability of the above characters. Sometimes there are only six antennomeres though whether this is natural or damaged is not certain. Telsonic spines may number 8–10 and and cercopod setae 7–10. Differential diagnosis. There is no doubt this species belongs to the genus Eulimnadia. The diagnostic character is a spiniform projection on the ventroposterior corner of the telson (Rogers et al., 2012). In addition most Eulimnadia, including this species, have a spine on the cercopod at about 4/5ths its length and the antenna has about 7–8 antennomeres on each flagellum (Timms, 2016a). However, because of the limited number of specimens and lack of males the description of this species is minimal. Nevertheless species specific egg morphology in this genus (Belk, 1989; Rabet, 2010; Timms, 2016a) provides characters to separate species and in some cases is about the only distinguishing character, e.g. E. graniticola Rogers et al. 2010). However, for Australian species species specific egg morphology has been supported by features of the cercopods and sometimes a few other characters as well from the telson, claspers, antenna and head (Timms, 2016a). This dictum applies to this species. In this case the egg morphology is certainly the most distinguishing feature, though a combination of less important characters (a cercopod with 8 uniform setae, just nine unevenly spaced telsonic spines and a first antenna of just three lobes) help to define it. The most similar eggs are of E. beverleyae Timms, 2016 and E. uluruensis Timms, 2016. Eggs of E. beverleyae (Fig. 3F, Timms 2016a) have about 30 grooves, each about 40 µm long, and of the same tertiary material as their walls, whereas in E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. there are but 40 grooves, 40 µm long and of different tertiary material to that of the walls. In addition E. beverleyae has 11–13 cercopod setae whereas E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. has only about 8 cercopod setae. In E. uluruensis (Fig.9 H. Timms, 2016a) the grooves number about 28, lie within distinct polygons with low lateral ridges and a knobbly surface, a situation quite different to that in E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. (see above). Though E. uluruensis has telsonic spines reminiscent of E. kimberleyenesis sp. nov., the cercopod setae of E. uluruensis are shorter than those of E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. Given E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. lies within the distribution of the widespread and variable E. dahli Sars 1896, it is appropriate to detail their distinctiveness. Firstly, habitat choice is not distinctive— E. dahli occurs in gnammas in limestone in northwest Queensland (Timms, 2016a) and also in granite in the Pilbara (author unpublished data) while E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. occurs in sandstone gnammas in between these areas. However, their eggs are entirely different, those of E. dahli have ca. 20 surface polygons, while those of E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. have ca.36 grooves. Eulimnadia dahli typically (but not always) has 20 trunk segments, and E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. the standard 18. Furthermore E. dahli has ca. 15 telsonic spines and ca 18 cercopod setae, whereas E. kimberleyensis sp. nov. has ca 9 and 8 respectively, a difference wide enough to be certain of identity. Distribution. Known only from gnammas on the Gardner Plateau, Kimberley. These pools fill during the wet season, November to April, and the deeper pools (averaging 46 mm) support aquatic plants (Cross et al., 2015a, 2015b). No information is available on their fauna, except that a few pools support the new species of clam shrimp described here plus Limnadopsis multilineata Timms 2009.Published as part of Brian V Timms, 2018, Three new species of spinicaudatan clam shrimps from Australia, all from gnammas (rock pools), pp. 136-148 in Zootaxa 4418 (2) on pages 137-139, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4418.2.3, http://zenodo.org/record/124533
FIGURE 8 in The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina)
No full textFIGURE 8. Map of South Australia showing the distribution of Parartemia cylindrifera (․), P. minuta (˔) and P. zietziana (ˑ).Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on page 63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
Parartemia yarleensis Timms & Hudson, 2009, n. sp.
No full textParartemia yarleensis n. sp. (Figure 7) Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lake system, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6779; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM 6782; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6781. Other material. About 20 males and five females, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Yarle Lakes, most likely Choolalie Lake (30 o 17 ’ 20 ”S, 131 o 31 ’00”E), (approx 15 km S of Maralinga), 16 September 1979, J. Glover, SAM C 6782; many males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Labyrinth, (30 ° 41 ’ 30 ”S, 135 ° 11 ’ 55 ”E), (approx 27 km NW Kingoonya), 12 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6783; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, “Carters Well Lake”, (30 ° 51 ’01”S, 134 ° 58 ’ 35 ”E), (approx 42 km ESE of Tarcoola), 13 June 2004, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6808; many juveniles, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Harris, (31 o 08’ 51 ”S, 135 o 18 ’ 30 ”E), (approx 20 km S Kingoonya), 19 March 2003, P. Hudson and G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6786; many juveniles; SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Ironstone Lagoon, (31 ° 42 ’S, 137 ° 13 ’ 30 ’’E), (approx 65 km SE of Woomera), 1 February, 2007, P. Hudson & G. Tomlinson, SAM C 6784; many juvenile males, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Lake Gilles, (33 °01’ 25 ”S, 136 ° 36 ’07”E), (approx 20 km NE of Kimba), 6 August 2005, P. Hudson, SAM C 6785. Description. Male. Length 18 mm (head plus thorax 7.5 mm, abdomen 10.5 mm). Head (Fig. 7 A) with first antenna filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Proximal antennomeres of second antenna fused basially at an angle of about 75 degrees from body axis. Ventral edge of fused antennomeres with paired ventral processes (VP, Fig 7 A) three times longer than deep and with length of lateral edge about half that of medial edge. Lateral corner of ventral process protruding slightly, frontal edge only slightly concave, medial corner rounded, and all edges with a few denticles. Small conical mound (CM, Fig, 7 B) on ventroposterior surface under lateral corner. Area between ventral processes trapezoid, with a short digitiform medial process (MP, Fig 7 A) less than one quarter of depth of medial edge of transverse process. Anterior surface of fused antennomere with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in anterior processes (AP, Fig 7 A) with a broad base but digitiform apical half. Anterioventral surface of fused antennomere marked in sunken polygons (SP, Fig 7 A). Distal second antenna antennomere subcylindrical, slightly concavely curved and tapering to a sharp apex. Length about 1.6 times proximal antennomere. Labrum without a spine. Thorax gradually widening posteriorly to 11 th segment, mainly by increasingly larger lateral lobes, tending asymmetrical (i.e. maximum width displaced from middle of lobe) segments 7–10 (L, Fig. 7 C). Genital segments narrower than 11 th thoracic segment and abdomen continually narrowing so that 6 th segment about 2 / 3 rds width of first segment. Thoracopods (Fig 7 E) of the Parartemia type as described for P. acidiphila n. sp., except for fewer posterior setae on endites 1 +2, 3, endopodite and exopodite (c.45, 11, 26 and 35 respectively). Posterior setae on medial edge of endopodite more numerous than usual (11 cf c. 7), particularly strong, curved apically and with a short pecten apically (EPS, Fig 7 E). Paired gonopods with a spines subapically and a short digitiform processes (DP, Fig. 7 D) on the shoulder of wider basal part, neither hooked. No type specimens with gonopods everted. Abdominal segments serially decreasing in diameter and increasing in length posteriorly. Sixth segment about twice as long as first segment. Cercopods subequal in length to sixth abdominal segment and with setae medially and laterally. Description. Female. Length 11.3 mm. Head (Fig. 7 F) with first antenna filiform, about length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna about twice length of eye plus peduncle, flattened and with its widest area about two-thirds its length towards the apex, followed by a marked narrowing to an acute apex on the posterior side. Apex curved like the recurved labrum spine. Thoracic segments (Fig. 7 G) expanded laterally by distinct lobes, increasing in size and degree of asymmetry (i.e. displacement of widest point from centre of lobe) serially segments 5 to 9. Segment 10 with very different lateral lobes, expanded anteriorly, free in allotype and dorsal to lobe of 9 th segment. Segment 11 with a narrow triangular lateral lobe. In lateral profile (Fig. 7 H), segments 9 to 11 not raised dorsally as much as anterior segments. Segment 8 swollen dorsally. Paired brood pouches separate, oval, unlobed but joined ventrally to a gonoduct shorter than the depth of the brood pouch. Each pouch with numerous spherical smooth surfaced eggs. Thorax with only 10 pairs of thoracopods and 10 th thoracopod reduced to about half size of other thoracopods. Anterior setae of 10 th thoracopod typical, but few posterior setae on all parts and lacking an epipodite but with reduced praepipodite (Fig. 7 I). Fifth thoracopod as in male. Abdomen as in male, but surface denticulate. Etymology. The species is named after the type locality. Variability. Though this species is known from a few sites, many of these had only juvenile males, so variation between sites is hardly studied. Within the type locality some males had more bulbous lateral corners to their ventral processes than the holotype. Among females, the second antennal apex is not always curved and the lateral lobe of the 10 th thoracic segment varied within and between sites, with it being attached to the lobe of the 9 th segment, often in younger females. Differential diagnosis. Male P. yarleensis has a head (specifically a medial process and ventral processes) broadly similar to those of P. informis, P. serventyi and P. contracta, but unlike those species, has distinct thoracic lobes. These lobes are not as large as in P. cylindrifera and in Parartem ia sp. g (as illustrated in Timms 2004), but broadly similar to those of P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp. While the latter two species occur in the same general area as P. yarleensis n. sp., they are easily distinguished as neither have the medial process between the ventral processes as in P. yarleensis n. sp. Female P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp. also share many features with local species P. auriciforma n. sp. and P. triquetra n. sp., such as thoracic lateral lobes, round to oval brood chambers and greatly reduced or absent 11 th thoracopods. However, P. yarleensis is distinctive by reason of superficial dorsal swelling on the 8 th segment (somewhat like that in P. serventyi), and the bulbous lateral lobes of segment 10. It cannot be confused with P. serventyi as this species has posterior lobes on its brood pouches, no thoracic lateral lobes, and paired dorsolateral swellings on segment 9. Type locality. Yarle Lakes is a series of lakes south of Maralinga that fill episodically and are ‘very saline’ according to collecting data. There is some doubt over which one of the lakes was sampled, but examination of the field notes of J. Glover’s participants of the field trip, the probable collection site of Choolalie Lake was established on the basis of sketch map of the area. FIGURE 7. Parartemia yarleensis n. sp. Male A-E, Holotype; Female, F-I Allotype; both from Yarle Lakes, most likely Lake Choolalie, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, AP = anterior processes, MP = medial process, SP = sunken polygons); B, posterior view of one side of basal antennomere of second antenna showing the conical mound (CM) behind the ventral process; C, dorsal view of body from head to cercopods showing segmental lobes (L); D, gonopods with genital segments showing digitform processes (DP); E, Fifth thoracopod with pectin bearing endopod posterior setae labelled (EPS); F, Lateral view of head; G, dorsal view of thoracic segments 4-11, genital segments, brood pouches and first two abdominal segments; H, lateral view of posterior thorax and adjacent brood pouch; I, 10 th thoracopod. Scale bars 1 mm. Distribution and ecology. P. yarleensis n. sp. is known from a broad arc of lakes extending from Woomera to Maralinga in the northwest of South Australia (Fig. 4). The collection from Ironstone Lagoon also contains P. m i n u t a, a species smaller than P. y a r l e e n s i s (P. m i n u t a males mean 8.7 mm, 10 specimens, females mean 5.2 mm, 10 specimens). Such a congeneric occurrence is rare in Parartemia (A. Savage, pers. comm.; B. Timms, unpublished data) possibly because most species of Parartemia do what P. zietziana does and that is they live on resuspended organic matter (Marchant and Williams, 1977), as opposed to algal eating Branchinella, in which congeneric occurrence of different sized species and hence filtering ranges, are common (e.g. Timms & Sanders, 2002).Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 60-63, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
Parartemia purpurea Timms, 2010, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia purpurea sp. nov. (Figs 4,7,11) Parartemia n sp a Timms and Savage, 2004, p 22, 28; Timms 2009. Etymology. This species is named for the distinct purple colouration of mature females, the name being derived from the Latin purpurea meaning purple. Holotype. One male, 44 km NNE of Esperance, unnamed lake on Dempster Rd, (33 o 28 ’ 58 ”S, 122 o 00’ 38 ”E), 8 October 2008; BVT, WAM 45235. Allotype. One female, same collecting data as holotype, WAM 45236. Paratypes. Two males, two females, some collecting data as holotype, WAM 45237; two males, two females, same collecting data as holotype, AM 82976. Other material. 10 males, 10 females, 23.5 km E of Scaddan, unnamed lake on East Lignite Rd, (33 o 19 ’ 28 ”S, 121 o 58 ’ 17 ”E), 2 August 2005, BVT, WAM 45238; 10 females, 38 km N of Esperance, unnamed lake on south side of Speddingup Rd, (33 o 31 ’ 01”S, 121 o 52 ’ 21 ”E), 8 October 2008, BVT, WAM 45239; 10 males, 10 females, all immature, 64.5 km NE of Esperance near Kau Rock, unnamed pond, (33 o 24 ’ 32 ”S, 122 o 20 ’ 00”E), 9 October 2008, BVT, WAM 45240; 10 males, 10 females, 80 km NE of Esperance in Beaumont Nature Reserve, unnamed lake, (33 o 27 ’ 37 ”S, 122 o 36 ’ 43 ”E), 5 September 2004, BVT, WAM 45241. Description. Male. Length 21.5 mm (head plus thorax 7 mm, abdomen 14.5 mm) First antenna (Fig. 11 A) filiform, a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Second antenna. Basal antennomeres (Fig. 11 A) fused at about 75 o to body axis. Ventral margin with paired ventral processes (Fig. 11 A) about 3 times longer than deep, with distoventral corner rounded but not protruding and medioventral corner sharp, almost a right angle. Ventral process margin with well spaced minute spines, also a few such spines on dorsal surface of the processes. Medial margin of ventral processes about 1.2 times longer than lateral margin. Medial space between ventral processes narrow with parallel margins and terminating basally in a short notch. Ventrolaterally just lateral to basodistal margin of the ventral process a raised circular area, the conical mound, with numerous minute spines. Anterior processes (Fig. 11 A) small, blunt triangular, about one quarter depth of ventral processes. Distal antennomere (Fig. 11 A) almost twice as long as basal antennomere, curved medially, cylindrical and tapering to a sharp apex. Labrum lacking a spine. Thoracomeres (Fig 10 B) enveloped laterally in small fused lobes to form a narrow lateral flange along whole length of thorax. Thorax widest at thoracomeres 10 to 11, with lobe on first genital as wide as lobe on T 11 anteriorly, but markedly narrowing posteriorly. No lobe on second genital segment. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, with first two reduced in size and last without an epipodite. Fifth thoracopod typical for the genus. Gonopods (Fig. 11 C) fused basally. Each apical free portion with a short hooked digitiform process inserted ventrolaterally at about three quarters the length of the free portion. No basal spine. A paratype with gonopod everted (Fig. 11 D)— everted part a little longer than free basal portion, consisting of a basal wide cylindrical component and a tubular distal part of two diameters, a middle section narrower than basal tube and an apical, very narrow apical section. Whole expanded section naked except for a two recurved spines on a single base posteriolaterally on the wide cylindrical component. Abdomen long, 2.1 times head plus thorax. Segments increasing in length and but hardy decreasing in diameter sequentially 1 to 6, with sixth 2.2 times the length and but only marginally narrower than first segment. Telson inflated and not clearly demarked from sixth abdominal segment and cercopods about length of fourth abdominal segment and clothed with setae medially and laterally. Female. 11 mm (head plus thorax 6.7 mm, abdomen 4.3 mm). In life, mature females coloured a deep purple, with the brood chambers a lesser intense colour. Head (Fig. 11 E) with first antenna filiform and slightly shorter than length of eye plus peduncle. Second antenna a little longer than twice eye plus peduncle length, somewhat flattened, and narrowing evenly to a sharp apex. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thoracomeres (Fig. 11 F,G) 1 – 6 and 8 normal, thoracomere 7 with a lateral tumidity, thoracomeres 9 and 10 each with a dorsolateral lamella, with a sclerotized and denticulate margin. Dorsolateral lamella of thoracomere 9 asymmetrical, narrow dorsally and widest ventrolaterally and with subsidiary ventrolateral lamella, while lamella of segment 10 more symmetrical and more ventrolateral. Thoracomere 11 somewhat reduced. Eleven pairs of thoracopods, 2 nd and 10 th pairs a little shorter than most, 1 st about half size and 11 th reduced to just a pair of stubs bearing a few spines. First thoracopod (Fig. 7 J) with all normal components, but endopod and particularly exopod reduced, so that both have fewer posterior seate than normal and exopod just protruding beyond endopod. Normal anterior setae, and with basal anterior setae of endite 4 enlarged, longer than adjacent posterior setae. Fifth thoracopod of normal construction for Parartemia and similar to that in males. Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 7 K) with most structures reduced, particularly endites 1 + 2 and 3, endopod and praeepipodite, and with epipodite lacking. Exopodite of normal relative size and projecting well beyond the endopodite. Anterior setae of endites all present, but reduced in size. Eleventh thoracopod (Fig. 7 L) a stub with terminally what appears to be a very reduced endopod with five setae, and medially two protuberances, the distal one with two setae and a basal greater naked protuberance. These protuberances could be endites. Brood pouch (Fig. 11 F,G) lateral lobes oval structures in dorsal view but more quadrahedral laterally, and connected ventrally, with a posteriorly directed gonopore, borne on a tubular projection. Abdomen segments typical for Parartemia, i.e. segments increase in length and decrease in diameter sequentially from segments 1 to 6. Surface denticulate. Variability. Mature males vary in length from 16 to 23 mm. The basal antennomeres are fused at various angles, probably influenced by preservation, of 60–80 o to body axis and while the frontal processes seem always to be small, blunt and triangular, the ventral processes vary so that the distoventral corner may protrude a little and the medial space varies from being almost closed to being open by a distance up to about one third the depth of the ventral processes. The medial margins of the ventral processes may not always be parallel, but occasionally are V-shaped or uneven. However, the angle of near 90 o on the medioventral corner of the ventral processes varies little. The raised spinose area ventrolaterally to the basodistal margin of the ventral processes may be expressed as a conical mound or may be hardly present. The flange on the thoracic margins is generally present, but its widest part may be at thoracomere 10 or occasionally 11, i.e. more posterior than at thoracomere 8–9. Abdomen length varies from 1.25 to 2.33 times head plus thorax length (average of 1.78 in 10 specimens). This length is due in part to the relatively long 6 th segment which on average is 2.1 times length of 1 st segment. The first ratio is greater than for P. longicaudata and the second only a little less than in P. longicaudata, the species supposedly with an extraordinary long abdomen (see earlier). Mature females range in length from 9.6 to 11.2 mm, and while opaque white in preservation, in life are almost always a deep purple. The lateral tumidities on thoracomere 7 while usually prominent, are sometimes deflated and not noticeable. The lateral lamellae of thoracomere 9 and 10 vary in development, but the lamella of thoracomere 9 is always larger than that of thoracomere 10 and more dorsal in position. Differential diagnosis. P. purpurea sp. nov. males are most similar to P. zietziana due to their broadly similar ventral processes and the shape of the medial area between these processes. However P. zietziana has digitiform anterior processes compared to short conical processes in P. purpurea sp. nov. The lateral and medial margins of the ventral processes are of similar length in P. zietziana, but the medial margin is about 1.2 times longer than lateral margin in P. purpurea sp. nov. The ventrolateral area at the basodistal margin of the ventral processes is different in the two species: in P. purpurea sp. nov. it is raised and very spinous, but in P. zietziana it hardly present, if at all. Finally the abdomen is relatively longer in most specimens of P. p u r p u re a sp. nov. (1.78 times) than in P. zietziana (1.30 in 10 specimens). The two species have different distributions separated by the Nullarbor Plain – P. zietziana occurs in central lowland Tasmania, southern Victoria, and southern South Australia to as far west as the eastern Eyre Peninsula, while P.purpurea sp. nov. occurs in the Esperance hinterland area of Western Australia (Timms et al., 2009). Females are distinct from all other species due to the lack of dorsal swellings and horizontal lateral lobes on various thoracic segments, and the presence of lateral swellings on thoracomere 7 and vertical lateral flaps on thoracomere 9 and 10. Furthermore it is unusual in Parartemia females to have a vestige of thoracopod 11 as P. p u r p u re a sp. nov. does; closest species in this character is P. acidiphila with 3 terminal setae, P. laticaudata sp. nov. with two terminal spines and P. longicaudata with a subterminal spine. Distribution and ecology. P. purpurea sp. nov. occurs in alkaline saline lakes in the Esperance hinterland, from about Grass Patch-Scadden eastwards for about 90 km to Beaumont Nature Reserve (Timms et al., 2009)(Fig. 4). It occurs over a salinity range of 20 to 235 g /L and in lakes with pH varying from 6.9 to 10.4 (Timms, 2009 b; Timms et al., 2009). Generally it occurs in late winter- spring as lakes fill with winterspring rains, reproduces in September and October with purple coloured females actively swimming in the shallows and depositing eggs. Occasionally summer rains fill the lakes, in which case P. purpurea sp. nov. responds as it does to a winter filling (Timms, 2009 b). Females are easily predated upon by waders (mainly Stilts, Avocets) as they swim conspicuously in shallow waters, so that sex ratios can become very biased towards males which tend to stay in deeper waters (author, unpublished observations). Presently it is common throughout this area as few lakes are salinised.Published as part of Timms, Brian V, 2010, Six new species of the brine shrimp Parartemia Sayce 1903 (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina) in Western Australia, pp. 1-35 in Zootaxa 2715 on pages 24-27, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19970
Limnadopsis paradoxa Timms 2009, n.sp.
No full textLimnadopsis paradoxa n.sp. Figs. 2G, 4D, 5K,L, 13 Types. Holotype 3 WAM C39341, allotype ♀ WAM C39342, paratypes 23, 2♀, WAM C39343, 33, 2♀, AM P76808. Type locality: Western Australia, E of Grass Patch, Sieda Farm, Fitzgerald Paddock 81, temporary pool, 33°13'S 121°47'E, 2.ii.2007, B. V. Timms. Other material. Western Australia: 43, S of Newdegate, Lake Bryde, 33°21'S 118°49'E, 21.iii.2006, D. Cale, WAM C39344; c. 20 individuals, S of Newdegate, Lake Bryde East, 33°22'S 118°54'E, 21.iii.2006, D. Cale, WAM C39345; c. 20 individuals, SE of Salmon Gums, along Guest Rd, temporary pool in paddock, 33°06'S 121°46'E, 25.i.2007, B. V. Timms, WAM C39346;> 50 individuals, E of Grass Patch, Sieda Farm, Fitzgerald Paddock 81, temporary pool, 33°13'S 121°47'E, 2.ii.2007, B. V. Timms, WAM C39347;>50 individuals, SE of Scaddan, Truslove Nature Reserve, a paperbark swamp, 33°20'50"S 121°46'5"E, 27.i.2007, B. V. Timms, WAM C39348. South Australia: 13, N of Woomera, Olympic Dam, 30°28'S 136°44'E, 12.ii.1981, M.J. Tyler, SAM C6351. New South Wales: 13, near Wilcannia, roadside ditch 19.5 km east of town, 31°41'S 143°427'E, 14.i.2007, B. V. Timms. Habitat and distribution. Limnadopsis paradoxa lives in freshwater intermittent ponds and lakes, that are somewhat turbid or humic. More is known about the habitat of this new species than the others, because the author is personally familiar with the area. The ponds and lakes fill every few years and may take two or more years to dry (e.g., Lake Bryde, Cale et al., 2004) or dry within months (e.g., pools on Sieda Farm, A. Longbottom, pers. comm.). In all sites it was found only in the early period of inundation. It is known mainly from the southeastern wheatbelt of Western Australia, specifically south of Newdegate and north of Esperance. Two outlier populations were found much further east, in central South Australia and in southwestern NSW. In Lake Bryde, it was collected in March, 2006, six weeks after a major filling, and at the time the lake was fresh (EC 549 µS/cm), alkaline (pH 7.8), warm (21.8°C), well oxygenated (88% saturation), and only slightly coloured (D. Cale, pers. comm.) This lake fills to overflowing only occasionally (every few years in the 1990s to 2000s, S. Halse, pers. comm.); normally the episodic fillings result in a shallow, fresh to slightly saline lake that takes 12–24 months to dry. At such times it holds the clam shrimps Caenestheria sp. and Caenestheriella sp., but apparently not Limnadopsis paradoxa (Cale et al., 2004). In seven sites at Grass Patch it appeared as adults within three weeks of filling in late January, 2007. These ponds are c. 20–50 m in diameter, saucer-shaped and up to 2 m deep. They were once Melaleuca swamps, but many are now usually farmed for cereals. They fill partially, or deeply as in 2007, in wet summers, generally about once every 5–10 years (A. Longbottom, pers. comm.). Their water is humic (40–150 NTU), fresh (conductivity 260–440 µS/cm), warm (21–28°C), and acid to slightly alkaline (pH 5.8–7.4). By early March 2007, all of the ponds sampled had declining senescent populations, or none at all. Etymology. The species name derives from the paradox presented upon first examination: it has a carapace resembling L. birchii and a body-form superficially resembling L. tatei, but it differs from these two species on detailed examination. Male. Carapace (Fig. 13A) 14.6 mm long by 9.9 mm deep, L:D ratio c. 1.5. Dorsal margin doubly curved so lowest point at anterior umbo area and highest point about two-thirds of way along the hinge line. Hinge line uneven with growth lines protruding as small carinae, these generally more prominent posteriorly. Umbo humped dorsoanteriorly. Growth lines 12, expressed, crowded anteriorly, but more spaced spaced posteriorly. Carapace coloured dark humic brown. Head (Fig. 13B) with a pear-shaped pyriform frontal organ posteriorly, preceded by rounded prominence containing eye, then by large rostrum at right angles to head. Length of rostrum similar to length of anterior surface of head and about twice its own basal width. Rostrum curved downwards apically and containing triangular naupliar eye dipping at angle to rostrum axis and occupying much of its basal area. First antenna with 11 subequal lobes, slightly longer than peduncle of second antenna. Two flagella each bearing 15–18 beaded flagellomeres, each of latter with up to 6–7 spines evenly spaced along dorsal surface. Trunk segments 26. Dorsally, posteriormost segment with spineless protuberance, preceding 7–8 segments each with 3–5 spines on protuberance, then further anteriorly another 7 segments with 5–9 long setae each. Hand of claspers with blunt narrow outgrowth near inner basal corner. Third thoracopod (Fig. 4D) similar in structure to that of L. birchii. Proportions of endites, endopod, exopod and epipodite slightly different, and significantly palp of fifth endite slightly shorter than fifth endite and epipodite proportionally smaller. Other thoracopods of same basic structure, but without palp and with larger epipodite. Telson (Fig. 13C) with two rows of 13 to 14 strong, subequal spines, although the first spine slightly larger than next few spines and curving slightly posteriorly, middle spines slightly smaller and posterior spines more widely spaced, and sharper last spine near apex of claw. Two telsonic setae inserted on protuberance about one quarter of way along dorsal side of telson. Caudal claws well developed, at least twice as large as telsonic claws, curved concavely dorsally, with basal two-thirds bearing about 20 setae mesodorsally and terminating in a spine. Apical third of claw with many fine denticles dorsally. Female. Carapace (Fig. 13E) 13.5 mm by 9.7 mm. Similar to that of male, but anterior concavity less pronounced and highest point of carapace at about midlength. Carinae of growthlines prominent, but blunt compared with those of male. Head (Fig. 13F) similar to that of male, but rostrum short, about as long as deep, and blunt. Naupliar eye of about same size and position as in male, thus occupying much of rostrum. First antenna shorter than in male, with about 8 lobes. Second antenna as in male. Number of body segments, and details of telson (Fig. 13G) similar to those in male. Eggs (Figs. 4L,M) top-shaped, with prominences dorsal and ventral and about 5 prominences around equator. Typically about 16 grooves between equator and dorsal and ventral prominences, and about 3–4 grooves between each equatorial prominence. Ridges between grooves may be straightish or Y-shaped, the latter generally in the fields between equatorial and dorsal or ventral grooves. Sometimes only 4 equatorial prominences present and grooves somewhat randomly distributed. Maximum dimensions about 250 µm (range 241–254 µm, n = 20). Variability. The carapace size varies from c. 13 to16 mm, growth lines from 10 to 14, first antennal lobes 9 to 11, telsonic spines 15 to 18, and caudal claw setae from 16 to 21. There is no significant variation in the characteristic carapace shape, and all specimens have just one spine on the caudal claws. Comments. Limnadopsis paradoxa resembles small specimens of L. birchii, on account of its size, general shape, development of the carinae, and perhaps colouration. However, the body inside bears absolutely no resemblance to that of L. birchii. For instance there are 26 body segments, not 32, and there are only c. 14 telsonic spines on a almost straight edge compared to c. 50 spines on a doubly curved edge. The new species is most like L. tatei but has more growth lines, more lobes on the first antenna, more telsonic spines and more setae on the caudal claws. Perhaps it could be regarded as a bigger form of L. tatei, but the shape of the carapace is distinctive, particularly the concave dorsal surface and the lateral development of the umbo. The smaller first:second telsonic spine size ratio in L. paradoxa, and more numerous caudal claw setae are also distinctive. Limnadopsis pilbarensis n.sp. (see below) differs by having a convex edge in the umbo area, much less pronounced development of the dorsal outgrowths of the growth lines, and fewer telsonic denticles and setae on the caudal claws. The eggs of L. paradoxa and the three other abovementioned species are distinctive among themselves. At 40× magnification, eggs of L. birchii and L. tatei are smoothly round with groups of parallel grooves, more of the latter in L. birchii than in L. tatei. Eggs of L. paradoxa and L. pilbarensis both have rough surfaces, but those of L. pilbarensis have many (> 20) spines and those of L. paradoxa have just a few (<8) rounded prominences. These distinctions are even more pronounced as observed by SEM (Fig. 4).Published as part of Timms, Brian V., 2009, A Revision of the Australian Endemic Clam Shrimp Genus Limnadopsis Spencer & Hall (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata: Limnadiidae), pp. 49-72 in Records of the Australian Museum 61 (1) on pages 65-66, DOI: 10.3853/j.0067-1975.61.2009.1498, http://zenodo.org/record/524026
Parartemia auriciforma Timms & Hudson, 2009, sp. nov.
No full textParartemia auriciforma sp. nov. (Figure 5) Type material. Holotype. Male, SOUTH AUSTRALIA, Great Victoria Desert, Wyola Lake, (29 o09’00”S, 130 o 14 ’ 30 ”E), 15 December 1994, P. Hudson, SAM C 6794; Allotype. Female, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6797; Paratypes. Two males and two females, same collecting data as holotype, SAM C 6795, C 6796. Description. Male. Length 11.5 mm (head and thorax 5 mm and abdomen 6.5 mm). Head (Fig. 5 A) with first antenna filiform a little longer than eye plus peduncle. Basal antennomeres of second antenna fused proximally at an angle of about 50 degrees from body axis. Ventral margin with paired linear, ventral processes (VP, Fig 5 A) clothed irregularly with small spines and tubercles mainly at lateral and medial corners. Overall dimensions about 3 times longer than deep with lateral edge about one third the length of medial edge. Lateral corner rounded and medial corner prominent and bluntly triangular. Area between ventral processes concave without any medial projection or doming. Frontal surface of basal antennomeres with paired ridges parallel to body axis and terminating in small triangular frontal processes (FP, Fig 5 A). These frontal processes subequal in length to depth of ventral processes and length subequal to basal width. Second antennal distal antennomere curved, a little longer than basal segment and terminating in a small spine-like appendix. Labrum lacking a spine. Each side of thorax with a near symmetrical lateral lobe on each segment and small lateral lobe on first genital segment (L, Fig. 5 B). Eleven pairs of thoracopods with first two and last three noticeably reduced. Fifth thoracopod structure as in P. acidiphila, though numbers of posterior setae slightly different (see above). Gonopods (Fig. 5 C) paired, basal parts fused together and about twice the diameter of tubular free apical parts. Basal part with a broad triangular process (DP, Fig. 5 C) apically and apical tube with a finger-like process subapically. Neither process hooked. Abdominal segments increasing in length and narrowing 1 to 6, particularly 5 and 6, so that 6 th segment about twice the length of first. Telson about half the length of first abdominal segment and bearing fringed cercopods subequal in length to fifth abdominal segment. Description. Female. Length 8.5 mm. Head (Fig. 5 D) with first antenna filiform and about half the length of the eye plus peduncle. Second antenna flattened and about twice the length of eye plus peduncle and terminating in a markedly narrowed, acute apex on the posterior side. Labrum with a prominent recurved spine. Thorax with 10 pairs of thoracopods, similar in structure to those of male. Eleventh thoracic segment without appendages Tenth thoracopod (Fig. 5 G) reduced: endites with few posterior setae, endopodite and exopod with about 12 and 20 such setae respectively, and epipodite smaller than both exopod and praepipodite. Posterior thoracic segments, particularly those of 7 th to 10 th segments, expanded laterally (Fig. 5 E). Eight and ninth segments with tuberculate lateral lobes terminating in hollowed out auriculiform structures, about one-sixth segment width. Segments 5, 6 and especially 7 th with simpler, less prominent lateral extensions. Segment 10 with lateral blunt triangular projection on each side and segment 11 with dorsolateral surface uneven and consisting of two triangular anteriorly pointed mounds (TM, Figs 5 E,F) on each side. Surface of both segments 10 and 11 papillate. Lateral brood pouches (Fig. 5 F) almost spherical in shape but with small lobes ventrally and connected ventrally to a shared gonopore on a short tubular protrusion. Dorsal surface of brood chambers pigmented and each chamber with about 25 spherical smooth-surfaced eggs in mature ovigerous females. Abdominal segments largely as in male, but with the telson proportionally larger and all segments papillate. Etymology. The specific name reflects the auriculiform lateral lobes of the female. Variability. Adult male lengths vary from 10.5 to 12mm and adult femal from 7.9 to 8.7 mm. The ventromedial surface of the male fused basal antennomeres is concave in most specimens, but is convex in some and rarely there is a small central knob. The antennal distal antennomere apex is occasionally not appendix like, but simply narrowing to a sharp point. In juvenile females the ear-like structures of the 8 th and 9 th lobes are undeveloped.The lobe on the 10 th thoracic segment may be more rounded and symmetrical than asymmetrical and triangular. Differential diagnosis. Parartemia auriciforma males are most similar to those of P. longicaudata, while the females have no close morphological similarities to other species. Like P. longicaudata, P. auriciforma has a wide space between the ventral processes without any medial process of any kind as in most other species of Parartemia. In P. longicaudata this space is convex, but in P. auriciforma it is usually concave. In both species the ventral processes are similarly shaped, but in P. longicaudata they are about twice as long as deep FIGURE 5. Parartemia auriciforma n.sp. Male A-C, Holotype; Female D-G, Allotype; both Wyola Lake, SA. A, anterior view of head with first and second antennae (VP = ventral processes, FP = frontal processes); B dorsal view of thorax segments 1-11, genital segments 1 and 2 and first abdominal segment (L = lobes); C, gonopods and genital segments (DP = digitiform process); D, lateral view of head; E, dorsal view of thoracic segments 5-11, genital segments, brood pouches and first abdominal segment (TM = triangular mounds); F, lateral view of brood pouch region and adjacent thorax; G, 10 th thoracopod with anterior setae. Scale bars 1 mm. compared to three times in P. auriciforma. The frontal processes also tend to be more prominent in P. longicaudata where in most specimens they are twice as wide as deep, compared to equal width and depth in P. auriciforma. Most P. a u r i c i f o r m a have a spine-like appendix at the apex of the second antennal antennomere, which is absent in P. longicaudata. Both the first antenna and cercopods are proportionally longer in P. longicaudata than in P. auriciforma and overall P. longicaudata tends to be a larger species usually 20–30 mm in length while P. auriciforma is a smaller species, 10–12 mm in length. Thoracic lateral lobes are unusual in males of Parartemia, and those of P. auriciforma are similar to those of P. triquetra n. sp. Besides differences between these two in lobe symmetry, there are many other differences in the distal antennal antennomere, ventral processes and frontal processes, as discussed later. For female P. a u r i c i f o r m a the distinctive features are the lateral auriculiform lobes on many posterior thoracic segments, the twin spherical brood pouches, and to a lesser extent the triangular lateral lobe on segment 10. Its head and abdominal structures are not at all distinctive, and the lack of thoracopods on segment 11 is shared with a few other species (e.g. P. informis, P. serventyi). Also shared with a few other species is the lack of swellings on posterior thoracic segments (i.e. 8 –11) (e.g. P. zietziana, P. minuta) and lack of narrow sclerotised ridges on these later thoracic segments (e.g. P. cylindrifera). A few species have lateral lobes on posterior segments (e.g. P. informis, P. longicaudata) but not like in P. auriciforma, which is the only species with auriculiform lateral lobes. P. auriciforma shares with P. triquetra n. sp. (see later) in having two separate, almost spherical, brood pouches, though they are connected ventrally. In other species there is either one chamber (e.g. P. cylindrifera, P. minuta) or two joined dorsally and usually extended posteriorly (e.g. P. zietziana, P. longicaudata, P. extracta, P. serventyi Linder, 1941). As in many species of Parartemia, the eggs are not distinctive microscopically. Type locality. Wyola Lake is an unstudied episodic saline lake, difficult of access in the remote Great Victoria Desert. Specimens used in this study were reared from sediment collected from the lake. Distribution. P. a u r i c i f o r m a is known only from its type locality in the Great Victoria Desert (Fig. 4). It is not known how widespread it is, as lakes in the immediate vicinity have not been sampled, but some further away have different species―the Serpentine lakes 140 km to the northwest have P. triquetra n. sp. and the Yarle lakes, 172 km to the southeast support P. y a r l e e n s i s n. sp.Published as part of Timms, Brian V & Hudson, Peter, 2009, The brine shrimps (Artemia and Parartemia) of South Australia, including descriptions of four new species of Parartemia (Crustacea: Anostraca: Artemiina), pp. 47-68 in Zootaxa 2248 on pages 54-57, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.19074
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Karl Kraus: apocalyptic satirist, volume 2: the postwar crisis and the rise of the swastika
No full textIn this second volume of Karl Kraus: Apocalyptic Satirist, Edward Timms takes up Kraus’s story in November 1918, when the satirist responded to the creation of the new republics with a defiant hope, invoking international law against the dual threat of reactionary politics and irresponsible media. While contemporaries like Walter Benjamin regarded Kraus as heroically isolated, this book places him within a dynamic field of cultural production. Timms highlights the court cases Kraus pursued with his lawyer Oskar Samek and the theatrical projects that earned him Brecht’s friendship. In the final section of the book, the author refutes the legend that Kraus responded with stunned silence to Hitler’s seizure of power. His career culminated in Third Walpurgis Night, an analysis of Nazi ideology that has proved enduringly influential. Timms concludes that Kraus’s lifelong critique of the media, combining Orwell’s political radicalism with Joyce’s linguistic playfulness, incisively anticipates the propaganda techniques of our own age
Paralimnadia ammolophos Timms, 2016, n. sp.
No full textParalimnadia ammolophos n. sp. (Figs. 4, 11, 12) Etymology. Since this species is found in coastal sanddune pools, its specific epithet commemorates this by using the Greek word for sanddune, ‘ammolophos’. Type material. Holotype: AM P99004, male, length 5.1 mm, height 3.2 mm, Brooms Head, pond among dunes on the headland, 29°36’47.9”S, 153°20’18.6”E, 19 December 1983, BVT. Allotype: AM P99005, female, length 5.5 mm, height 3.6 mm, collected with holotype. Paratypes: AM P99006, 2 males, length 5.3 mm, height 3.5 mm, length 6.0 mm height 4.0 mm; 2 females, length 6.4 mm, height 4.1 mm, length 7.0 mm, height 4.7 mm, Shelley Headland, New South Wales, pond in dunes, 29°31’ 52.8”S, 153°21’12.8”E, 14 July 2015, BVT. Other material examined. New South Wales: 5 males, 5 females, Shelley Headland, pond in dunes, 29°31’52.8”S, 153°21’12.8”E, 14 July 2015, BVT, AM P99007; 3 males, 7 females, Brooms Head, pond among dunes on the headland, 29°36’47.9”S, 153°20’ 18.6”E, 19 December 1983, BVT, AM P99008; Brooms Head south beach, swamp in frontal dunes, 29°37’34.3”S, 153°19’37.7”E, 18 March 1977, BVT, 3 males, 5 females, AM P99009. Description. Male. Head (Fig. 12 B) with ocular tubercle prominent, the compound eye occupying about 50% of its diameter. Rostrum protruding a little more than the ocular tubercle and at right angles from its base, triangular in shape, and with a blunt apex. Ocellus slightly smaller than compound eye and lying at base of rostrum. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about half its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and not quite as high as ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig. 12 B) almost twice the length of peduncle of second antennae, and with seven lobes, each with numerous short sensory setae. Second antennae (Fig. 12 E) with spinose peduncle and dorsal flagellum with 10 antennomeres; ventral flagellum with 12 antennomeres; dorsally with 1–3 short spines and ventrally with 1–5 longer setae. Distal antennomeres with minimal spines and maximal setae. Carapace (Fig. 12 A) elongated oval, opaque brown and darker dorsally, with hardly any indication of growth lines. Adductor muscle scar at about 45° to carapace long axis, only visible when animal removed from carapace. Thoracopods. Eighteen pairs of thoracopods. Claspers (Fig. 12 D) with palm trapezoidal, with distinct rounded expansion distomedially. Apical club spherical with gripping area bearing many stout spines directedmedially.Small palp with many short, thin spines apically. Finger arcuate with a blunt apex and many rounded pits ventrally. Long palp of claspers I and II inserted on apical edge of palm, with 3 palpomeres and 3 stout setae at first junction and many thin, limp setae on flattened palaform apices. Long palp of first clapser about 1.25 × length of palm and in second clasper, 2 × length. Other thoracopods of typical structure for Paralimnadia, decreasing is size and complexity posteriorly. Last ten segments dorsally with a short spine medially. Telson (Fig. 12 C) with spine rows bearing about 14 pairs of spines, with anteriormost spine about twice the size of next few, and penultimate spines a little longer than most spines. Spines with spinulae.Telsonic filaments originating from a mound a little higher than the dorsal floor of the telson positioned at about the fourth spine pair. Dorsal floor of telson posterior to mound slopes steeply, then with slightly convex surface to base of cercopod. Cercopods almost as long as the posterior margin of telson, basal 50% hardly narrowing to small spine then rapid narrowing to acute apex. About 9 long (reaching large posteriormost spine of telson) setae on basal half and many tiny denticles dorsolaterally on apical half. Setae geniculate and plumose.Ventroposterior corner of telson rounded and hardly protruding. Female. Head (Fig. 12 G) with ocular tubercle prominent, with compound eye occupying about 50% of diameter. Rostrum a rounded prominent bulge, slightly less prominent than ocular tubercle and with middle basal part occupied by large ocellus, about 80% size of compound eye. Dorsal organ posterior to eye by about threequarters of its height, pedunculate and asymmetrical and not quite as high as ocular tubercle. First antennae (Fig. 12 G) a little shorter than peduncle of second antennae, with 3 small lobes each with many short sensory setae. Second antennae largely as in male, though dorsal flagellum with 11 rather than 10 antennomeres. Carapace (Fig. 12 F) as in male, though more vaulted dorsally. Thoracopods. Seventeen pairs of thoracopods of typical Paralimnadia structure. Trunk dorsum with segments 1–9 inerm, segments 10–14 with 3–5 spines medioterminally and segments 15–17 with spine medioterminally. Thoracopods 9 and 10 with a long flabellum dorsally. Telson (Fig. 12 H) as in male, though with 19 pairs of posterior row spines, otherwise with cercopod similar. Egg (Fig. 11 A, B) broadly angular, mean diameter 232 µm (range 220–238 µm, n = 10). About 12 rounded, separated knobs protruding about 50 µm and each linked by up to 10 sharp, radiating ridges alternating with grooves about 60 µm long. Some grooves with tiny pits. Variability. The relative size of the compound eye varies between specimens from about 40–70%; the same with the ocellus. The male rostrum is always triangular and slightly larger than the ocular tubercle. First antennal lobes vary from 6 to 9 and the antennomeres from 9–12, with the ventral flagellum usually with more than dorsal flabellum. Females may have 18 trunk segments as in males. Telsonic spines vary from 14–19, but the arrangement of the first about twice the following few, then the middle few the shortest and the last few of increasing length is apparently standard. The cercopod is the least variable component, with always 8–10 setae and a 50:50 division between the setae carrying base and narrowing denticulated distal portion. Differential diagnosis. Many features such as relative length and shape of male rostrum, number of antenna I lobes, number and relative size of telsonic spines, size of projection at the mediodistal corner of the clasper hand and number of palpomers of the large palp of the clasper are shared in various combinations with other species. However, the egg of P. ammolophos n. sp. is unique with its knob shaped projections approximately 12 in number. Of those species with long cercopod setae (P. bishop n. sp., P. flavia n. sp., P. queenlandicus n sp.), P. ammolophos n. sp. is the only one with <10 of uniform length. Other differences from P. bishopi n. sp., which live in a similar habitat, are given below. Distribution and ecology. This species is apparently restricted to temporary rainfilled hollows in coastal dunes in northern New South Wales (Fig. 4). These are slightly-moderately acidic (pH ca. 5–6) and often humic (Timms 1982). It could occur further north and south of this region as neither has been explored, but it has not been found further inland. It was common before the coastal dune country of northern New South Wales was mined for mineral sands in the 1960–80 s (author unpublished) but it now persists in a few sites not mined and then occurs only sporadically.Published as part of Timms, Brian V., 2016, A review of the Australian endemic clam shrimp, Paralimnadia Sars 1896 (Crustacea: Branchiopoda: Spinicaudata), pp. 451-508 in Zootaxa 4161 (4) on pages 471-474, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4161.4.1, http://zenodo.org/record/26644
Type III secretion a la Chlamydia
No full textType III secretion (T3S) is a mechanism that is central to the biology of the Chlamydiaceae and many other pathogens whose virulence depends on the translocation of toxic effector proteins to cytosolic targets within infected eukaryotic cells. Biomathematical simulations, using a previously described model of contact-dependent, T3S-mediated chlamydial growth and late differentiation, suggest that chlamydiae contained in small non-fusogenic inclusions will persist. Here, we further discuss the model in the context of in vitro-persistent, stress-induced aberrantly enlarged forms and of recent studies using small molecule inhibitors of T3S. A general mechanism is emerging whereby both early- and mid-cycle T3S-mediated activities and late T3S inactivation upon detachment of chlamydiae from the inclusion membrane are crucial for chlamydial intracellular development.Jan Peters, David P. Wilson, Garry Myers, Peter Timms and Patrik M. Bavoi
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