1,721,744 research outputs found
Decentralisation and the gender pay pag in the Italian context
No full textThe chapter considers to identify the impact, limits and potential of contractual decentralisation with respect to the factors triggering gender pay gaps in the italian contex
Terapia cellulare e ingegneria tissutale nelle patologie ischemiche del miocardio: creazione di un miocardio artificiale per la rigenerazione cardiaca
Full text linkLa terapia rigenerativa cellulare ha attirato in questi ultimi anni un'attenzione sempre maggiore da parte dei ricercatori; numerosi studi, pre-clinici e clinici hanno messo in evidenza come questo tipo di approccio terapeutico abbia le potenzialità per far recuperare la funzionalità cardiaca compromessa. Tuttavia, i risultati dei primi trials clinici hanno dato sinora risultati controversi. E' stato dimostrato che le cellule staminali adulte, sia che esse originino dal tessuto muscolare che dal midollo osseo, non si differenziano in cardiomiociti in grado di migliorare la funzionalità cardiaca. Dati recenti suggeriscono l'esistenza di cellule staminali cardiache residenti nel cuore adulto, con potenzialità di differenziamento verso i vari tipi cellulari presenti nel cuore (cardiomiociti, cellule endoteliali, cellule muscolari lisce). Le cellule staminali cardiache rappresentano l'opzione più promettente per la terapia rigenerativa cardiaca: infatti, esse non comportano problematiche di tipo etico né tantomeno complicanze di natura immunologica come le cellule staminali embrionali. Recentemente un gruppo di ricercatori ha isolato con successo cellule staminali cardiache (CSCs) da frammenti bioptici endomiocardici umani, espandendole in vitro per diverse generazioni e conservandone le potenzialità differenziative in cardiomiociti, cellule endoteliali e cellule muscolari lisce.Purtoppo la terapia cellulare, in generale, soffre ancora di limitazioni correlate alla variabilità dell'engrafment cellulare e all'alta percentuale di morte per apoptosi che fa seguito al trapianto (circa 80%). Inoltre, questo tipo di approccio risulta inadeguato o quantomeno insufficiente in caso di lesioni infartuali di notevoli dimensioni. Parallelamente, la ricerca nel campo dell'ingegneria tissutale applicata alla patologia cardiaca ha compiuto notevoli progressi negli ultimi anni e numerosi studi in vivo e in vitro ne attestano le notevoli potenzialità terapeutiche. Sono state infatti recentemente sviluppate, tecniche di bio-ingegneria che prevedono l'incorporazione delle cellule staminali in matrici biodegradabili con formazione di biocomplessi, al fine di migliorare la sopravvivenza e la differenziazione delle cellule staminali stesse in vivo. Tali costrutti incorporano gli elementi cellulari in una struttura tridimensionale che può essere utilizzata per sostituire l'area di miocardio danneggiata in una maniera più fisiologica ed efficace: infatti, le matrici a base di collagene sono in grado di reintegrare la matrice extracellulare cardiaca danneggiata a seguito dell'insulto ischemico. Tuttavia non sono stati ancora identificati i biocomplessi matrice/cellula staminale più adeguati. La nostra ipotesi è che le cellule staminali cardiache autologhe possano rappresentare la scelta più efficace e realistica da utilizzare per la creazione di biocomplessi. La possibilità di mettere a confronto, l'attività biologica delle CSCs, con quella di altri tipi di cellule staminali adulte (sulle quali sono già stati condotti numerosi studi pre-clinici e clinici), dovrebbe definitivamente individuare e caratterizzare i vantaggi e gli svantaggi del migliore biocomplesso applicabile nella pratica clinica. La creazione di un modello sperimentale animale ottimale e la messa a punto di protocolli diagnostici per il monitoraggio in vivo del comportamento delle cellule staminali servirà come punto di partenza per la realizzazione di studi pre-clinici in animali di grande taglia e di studi clinici di fase I-II.Cell therapy for regeneration, has received extensive attention and the accumulated evidence from both pre-clinical and clinical studies suggests that it has the potential to restore heart function. However, the results from first clinical trials are mixed, with benefits ranging from absent to transient and, at most, marginal. These studies indicate that adult stem cells, whether muscular or bone marrow-derived, fail to generate new cardiomyocytes, capable to improve cardiac function. Emerging evidence suggests that several subpopulations of resident cardiac stem cells (CSCs) have the ability to differentiate into cardiac myocytes, vascular smooth muscle and endothelial cells. CSCs represent a logical source to exploit in cardiac regeneration therapy bacause, unlike other adult stem cells, they are likely to be intrinsecally programmed to generate cardiac tissue in vitro and to increase cardiac tissue viability in vivo. In addition, autologous CSCs can be employed avoiding ethical and immunological problems associated with the use of embryonic stem cells. Recently, a group of our network has successfully isolated CPCs/CSCs from small biopsies of human myocardium and expanded them ex vivo trough several generations without loosing differentiation potential into cardiomyocytes and vascular cells, bringing autologous transplantation of cardiac stem cells closer to clinical translation. However cell therapy in general suffers limitatations related to variable cell retention, survival and significant cell death or apoptosis, early after implantation in the diseased myocardium. Furthermore, cell transplantation may not always be suitable for catastrophic events like large myocardial damage. For this reason, hybrid therapies that incorporate tissue engineering are being developed as potentially new therapeutic approaches for repair of myocardial tissue. Tissue engineering (TE) involves seeding a biodegradable scaffold with cells that grow into morphologically recognizable tissue both in vitro and in vivo. Recent advances in cell culture and TE have facilitated the development of suitable cell-engineered biodegradable grafts. The optimal biomaterials and cell types, however, have not been identified. Our hypothesis is that autologous cardiac stem cells could represent the most efficient and reliable cell type to be used for an hybrid therapy (tissue engineering/stem cells) to restore myocardial function in ischemic myocardial desease. TE joints the physical replacement of the diseased structure with new cardiac tissue built from a biodegradable scaffold, with the regenerating activity of the optimal cell types. A bioengineered tissue graft (biocomplex) would be the ideal treatment to repair cardiac ischemic diseases. The possibility to compare the biological activity of the CSCs with other adult SCs, should definitely individuate and characterize the advantages and disadvantages of the best clinical applicable biocomplex. Moreover, the creation of the appropriate animal model and the realization of diagnostic protocols aimed to monitor the in vivo cell fate, will be used as pre-clinical background for large animals and phase I-II clinical studies
L’autonomia collettiva nella direttiva sul gender pay gap
No full textCollective autonomy and the EU Gender pay gap Directive,
by Laura Calafà e Marco Peruzzi
The essay addresses the issue of the national implementation of directive
2023/970/EU, highlighting the peculiarities of the Italian context
with regard to the relationship between the national pay system and the
evaluation system required by the directive. The topic is examined with
particular attention to the collective bargaining dynamics of equal pay,
whose logic has been anticipated by past doctrine, updated to the implementation
of the directive by 7 June 2026. Specific attention is given
to gender-sensitive collective bargaining processes and the functioning of
joint evaluation under the directive. The conclusions outline a roadmap
for implementation, with reference to both the private and public sectors
Aortic regurgitation in athletes. Pieces of the puzzle we have so far omitted
Full text linkThe prevalence of valvular heart disease (VHD) rises with age, reaching 11.7% in individuals older than 75 years.1 In young individuals, VHD is usually related to the presence of a congenital valve abnormality, as bicuspid aortic valve (BAV) or mitral valve prolapse. This is also the case for athletes, where in the presence of these abnormalities few restrictions exist in eligibility
for competitive sports participation, even if a strict follow-up would be desirable. BAV is the most common congenital valve abnormality (1%) found in the general population and in athletes. BAV is more prevalent in males and it can lead to aortic regurgitation (AR), aortic stenosis and/or aortic root dilation. At present, no definitive studies have proved that intensive
sports participation could worsen the progression of BAV and limited data are available on athletes
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Kinetic study of poly(vynyl acetate) - calcium carbonate co-grinding in a ball mill
No full textISBN 085 825 794
Lambl's excrescences in transcatheter aortic valve implantation: a word of caution on the way to tailored and individualized approach
No full text- …
