1,720,967 research outputs found
Infiammazione dell'organo adiposo in modelli sperimentali di obesità
No full textE’ ben noto come i disturbi metabolici si associno all’obesità quasi esclusivamente
quando l’obesità è di tipo viscerale. Ovvero quando i depositi adiposi che si
espandono sono principalmente quelli viscerali.
Il nostro gruppo ha dimostrato che il 90% dei macrofagi nel WAT dei soggetti obesi
si dispone in maniera circolare attorno agli adipociti morti a formare strutture
denominare CLS (crown-like structures). Inoltre, abbiamo recentemente osservato
che, pur essendo valida la correlazione positiva tra dimensione degli adipociti e
densità delle CLS (indice dell’ infiammazione) sia nel grasso viscerale che nel grasso
sottocutaneo, negli animali geneticamente obesi, il grasso viscerale presenta una
maggiore densità di CLS pur avendo adipociti più piccoli. Questa osservazione
suggerisce che gli adipociti viscerali e i sottocutanei presentano una diversa
predisposizione alla morte.
L’infiltrazione macrofagica che caratterizza l’organo adiposo di soggetti obesi
determina uno stato di infiammazione cronica di basso grado che genera insulino
resistenza e diabete di tipo 2.
In questo studio abbiamo valutato l’espressione di fattori associati allo stato
d’infiammazione del tessuto adiposo e la presenza di alterazioni ultrastrutturali nelle
cellule adipose dei depositi sottocutanei e viscerali di due modelli di obesità genetica
(topi ob/ob e db/db).
Nei due ceppi di topi, l’analisi immunoistochimica per PJNK e NF-kB (molecole
associate ad infiammazione cronica) ha evidenziato l'espressione di entrambe le
proteine da parte dei macrofagi che formano le CLS suggerendo che proprio queste
strutture potrebbero essere la principale fonte di P-JNK e NF-kB.
Lo studio degli aspetti ultrastrutturali ha evidenziato una riduzione dello spessore
citoplasmatico, dell’area media dei mitocondri e della percentuale di superficie
citoplasmatica libera da gocce lipidiche occupata dai mitocondri; queste alterazioni
sono significative solo nei depositi viscerali, sito prevalente della morte adipocitaria e
della conseguente formazione delle CLS.
Questi dati confermano l’esistenza di una correlazione fra accumulo di grasso
viscerale e incidenza dei disturbi associati all’obesità e suggeriscono che interventi
mirati a ridurre lo stato di infiammazione del tessuto adiposo, impedendo il processo
di ipertrofia adipocitaria e la conseguente morte degli adipociti, potrebbero
rappresentare un promettente approccio per la prevenzione della Sindrome
Metabolica
Levetiracetam Affects Differentially Presynaptic Proteins in Rat Cerebral Cortex
Full text linkPresynaptic proteins are potential therapeutic targets for epilepsy and other neurological diseases. We tested the hypothesis that chronic treatment with the SV2A ligand levetiracetam affects the expression of other presynaptic proteins. Results showed that in rat neocortex no significant difference was detected in SV2A protein levels in levetiracetam treated animals compared to controls, whereas levetiracetam post-transcriptionally decreased several vesicular proteins and increased LRRK2, without any change in mRNA levels. Analysis of SV2A interactome indicates that the presynaptic proteins regulation induced by levetiracetam reported here is mediated by this interactome, and suggests that LRRK2 plays a role in forging the pattern of effects
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
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