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Acoustic identification of individuals: temporal stability of male Western Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus) display vocalization across years
No full textMagistritöö
Keskkonnakorralduse- ja poliitika õppekavalKäesoleva töö autori bakalaureusetöös (Pertel 2023) leiti, et metsise häälituse järgi on võimalik isendeid individuaalselt eristada. Metsise isendite eristamist on varasemates teadusuuringutes käsitletud peamiselt geograafilistest erinevatest piirkondades salvestatud häälitsuste põhjal. Teadaolevalt puuduvad aga uuringud, mis käsitleksid konkreetsete isendite häälitsuste võrdlust mitme järjestikuse aasta lõikes. Käesoleva magistritöö eesmärgiks on analüüsida metsise isaslindude indiviidide eristamise võimalikkust erinevatel aastatel. Eesmärgi saavutamiseks ja hüpoteesi tõestamiseks kasutati kolme aasta helisalvestisi kahest Ida-Virumaal asuvast metsisemängust. Iga kolme aasta kohta valiti välja helisalvestised, mis jagati klastriteks ning igast klastrist mõõdeti üheksa parameetrit (kestus, tippsagedus, maksimaalne sagedus, algsagedus, lõppsagedus, keskmine sagedus, valiku minimaalne intensiivsus dB-des võrreldes täisskaalaga, valiku maksimaalne intensiivsus dB-des võrreldes täisskaalaga ja valiku keskmine intensiivsus dB-des võrreldes täisskaalaga). Saadud parameetritega viidi läbi peakomponentanalüüs, Kruskal-Wallise test ja Bonferroni korrektsioon. Töö tulemused toetavad hüpoteesi, et sama metsise isendit on võimalik häälitsuste järgi eristada ka erinevatel aastatel. Mõlemas piirkonnas tuvastati sama metsisekuke isend 2023. ja 2024. aastal ning 2022. aastal erinevad isendid. Edasine uurimistöö võiks keskenduda salvestite teel koguneva suurandmestiku (big data) analüüsi võimekuse ning indiviidide automaatsete tuvastusmeetodite arendamisele.In the bachelor’s thesis (Pertel 2023), it was found that individual birds can be distinguished based on the vocalizations of the capercaillie. Previous scientific studies on differentiating capercaillie individuals have mainly focused on vocalisations recorded from geographically different areas. However, to date, there are no known studies comparing the vocalisations of specific individuals over several consecutive years. The aim of this master’s thesis is to analyse the possibility of distinguishing male capercaillie individuals across different years. To achieve this objective and test the hypothesis, recordings from three years were used, taken from two capercaillie sites in Ida-Virumaa. For each of the three years, selected sound recordings were grouped into clusters, and from each cluster, nine parameters were measured. The obtained parameters were analysed using principal component analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test, and Bonferroni correction. The results support the hypothesis that the same capercaillie individual can be distinguished by vocalizations even across different years. In both study areas, the same male capercaillie individual was identified in 2023 and 2024, whereas different individuals were found in 2022. Future research could focus on enhancing the capacity for analyzing big data collected through recorders, as well as on developing automatic identification methods for individuals
Individuality in animal vocalization, using the example of the Capercaillie (Tetrao urogallus)
No full textBakalaureusetöö
Keskkonnakaitse õppekavalHäälitsuse järgi indiviidi eristamine on arenev ja laienev teadusvaldkond. Maailmas on
vastavaid teadusartikleid avaldatud 1988. aastast, aga Eestis pole varasemalt sellist
meetodit kasutatud. On leitud, et häälte akustiline analüüs aitaks kaasa seire ja kaitse
planeerimisel ning koguda andmeid ka kõige raskemini uuritavate liikide kohta. Töö
eesmärgiks on helisalvestiste kaudu individuaalse eristamise meetodi väljatöötamine
kasutades selleks metsise (Tetrao urogallus) isaslindude kõiki häälefaase ühe tervikuna.
Eesmärgi saavutamiseks kasutati nelja metsisekuke helisalvestist Ida-Virumaalt, mis
jagati klastriteks ning igast klastrist mõõdeti kuus parameetrit (kestus, tippsagedus,
maksimaalne sagedus, algsagedus, lõppsagedus ja keskmine sagedus). Saadud
parameetritega viidi läbi statistiline analüüs – peakomponentanalüüs, Kruskal-Wallise test
ja Bonferroni korrektsioon. Tulemustest selgub, et kõikide helisalvestiste parameetrite
vahel on olulised erinevused ehk igal salvestisel häälitses erinev metsisekukk.
Bakalaureusetöö kinnitab, et metsise häälituse järgi on võimalik isendeid individuaalselt
eristada. Edaspidistes uuringutes võiks pöörata tähelepanu, kuidas tõhusalt rakendada
akustilist meetodit näiteks kevadises metsisemängude seires, milline on selle
kuluefektiivsus ning kas häälitsuste kaudu on võimalik hinnata isendi füsioloogilist
seisundit ning selle seost maastikuga.Individual differentiation using vocalization is an evolving and expanding field of
research. Articles based on acoustic research methods have been published worldwide
since 1988, but this method has not been used in Estonia. It has been suggested that
acoustic analysis of vocalizations could help in monitoring and conservation planning and
gathering data on the most difficult-to-study species. The aim of this thesis is to develop
a method for individual identification using all vocal phases of the Capercaillie (Tetrao
urogallus) males as a whole. Four Capercaillie sound recordings from Ida-Virumaa were
used to achieve the objective, which was divided into clusters and six parameters
(duration, peak frequency, max frequency, start frequency, end frequency and mean
frequency) were measured in each cluster. Statistical analysis – principal component
analysis, Kruskal-Wallis test and Bonferroni correction – was performed on the obtained
parameters. The results show significant differences between the parameters of all the
sound recordings, i.e. each recording was voiced by a different individual. The thesis
confirms that Capercaillie individuals can be distinguished individually by their
vocalizations. Future studies could focus on applying the acoustic method effectively, for
example, in spring monitoring of capercaillie leks, its cost-effectiveness and whether the
individual’s physiological condition and its relationship to the landscape can be assessed
through vocalizations
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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