1,720,980 research outputs found
The Effect of Free Distribution of Essential Medicines on Adherence by Income Sources and Level
No full textIntroduction: Public policies aimed at improving medicine adherence are restricted to people with a low income or to social assistance recipients.
Objective: To determine whether the free provision of essential medicines has a different effect on adherence for people with different income levels and sources.
Methods: In this post-hoc subgroup analysis of results from the CLEAN Meds randomized control trial, binary logistic regression was used as the primary analysis to determine whether free medication provision has different effects at different income levels and sources.
Results: Despite the evidence to suggest that the RCT intervention has a significant effect on adherence (p=0.02), there was no substantial difference in the effect of free medicine distribution for people with different income levels or sources (p=0.73).
Conclusion: The results of this study do not support the idea that programs aimed at improving access to medicines mostly improve adherence for those of certain income groups.M.Sc
The Effect of Free Distribution of Essential Medicines on Adherence by Income Sources and Level
Get PDFIntroduction: Public policies aimed at improving medicine adherence are restricted to people with a low income or to social assistance recipients.
Objective: To determine whether the free provision of essential medicines has a different effect on adherence for people with different income levels and sources.
Methods: In this post-hoc subgroup analysis of results from the CLEAN Meds randomized control trial, binary logistic regression was used as the primary analysis to determine whether free medication provision has different effects at different income levels and sources.
Results: Despite the evidence to suggest that the RCT intervention has a significant effect on adherence (p=0.02), there was no substantial difference in the effect of free medicine distribution for people with different income levels or sources (p=0.73).
Conclusion: The results of this study do not support the idea that programs aimed at improving access to medicines mostly improve adherence for those of certain income groups.M.Sc
Experiences of Non-Prescribed Opioid Use During Opioid Agonist Therapy: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis
Get PDFThis thesis uses interpretative phenomenological analysis to consider the question of how people who concurrently use both prescribed opioid agonist therapy (OAT) and non-prescribed opioids understand their use of both agents. Interviews with ten participants recruited from community health centre harm reduction programs reveal unique reasons for the use of both prescribed OAT and non-prescribed opioids; while OAT is free, relatively safe, and helps control opioid withdrawal symptoms, non-prescribed opioids satisfy opioid cravings, ease physical and emotional pain, and can be used with more autonomy than OAT. Non-prescribed opioids and prescribed OAT thus fill complementary roles in the participants’ lives, with each agent presenting its own benefits and challenges. The lived experiences of the participants highlight the importance of providing optimized, tailored OAT to people who use opioids; increasing OAT’s effectiveness and acceptability is a crucial strategy in combatting mortality from the opioid toxicity crisis.M.Sc
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Ethnic differences in HIV risk among female commercial sex workers in Guyana: A case-control study
No full textObjective. To identify biological and behavioral factors that predict HIV infection and determine the proportion of HIV infection that were attributable to different exposures among female Commercial Sex Workers (CSWs) of varying ethnic background.Method. A nested case-control study was conducted among 114 (53 cases and 61 controls) female CSWs in Georgetown, Guyana. A subset of data, devoid of personal identifiers, was extracted from a cross-sectional survey which collected baseline data for the evaluation of an intervention in this population. Association between exposure variables and the outcome were tested using multiple logistic regression analysis, controlling for age group and place of work. Predictors of HIV infection were identified using stepwise forward logistic regression analysis. Separate sub-group analyses were conducted to identify risk factors for HIV infection in the different ethnic groups. Adjusted odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were calculated.Results. CSWs of African/mixed descent were four times more likely to be HIV infected compared to those of Indian descent (Adj. OR = 4.14; 95% CI: 1.45--11.85). HIV risk was higher among CSWs with ≤3 children (Adj. OR = 3.76; 95% CI: 1.34--10.55); ≥5 clients per night (Adj. OR = 3.49; 95% CI: 1.34--9.12); current syphilis (Adj. OR = 6.96; 95% CI: 2.6--18.63); and a history of syphilis (Adj. OR = 3.97; 95% CI: 1.56--10.14). No significant interaction was found between current syphilis and past syphilis. Independent predictors of HIV infection were African/Mixed ethnicity (Adj. OR = 6.05; 95% CI: 1.49--24.58); current syphilis (Adj. OR = 8.80; 95% CI: 2.39--32.49) and PID (Adj. OR = 3.15; 95% CI: 1.04--9.57). Number of clients per night (≥5); age at first sex (≤16 years); and syphilis (current and past) were associated with HIV infection among CSWs of African/Mixed descent. For those of Indian ethnicity current syphilis and crack-cocaine use were associated with HIV infection.Conclusion. In this study, ethnicity emerged as an independent predictor of HIV infection among female CSWs with those of African/mixed descent having a higher risk of infection. STDs also seem to be playing a major role in HIV spread in this population.</p
Direct assessment of qualia in a blindsight participant
No full textExperimenters generally infer whether participants have visual experiences based on metacognitive responses. We showed a well-studied blindsight participant, GY, several definitions of the term "qualia" and then questioned him about whether he felt or he experienced qualia in his normal and blind fields. We found, contrary to others who have used different methods for measuring qualia, that GY does not have qualia for stationary stimuli in his blind field. This novel method for directly assessing qualia embraces the idea that experiences should be related by the experiencer, not the experimenter. © 2007 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.link_to_subscribed_fulltex
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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