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Public worship and practical theology in the work of Benjamin Keach (1640-1704)
No full textThe late seventeenth century was a critical and fruitful period
for the Particular Baptists of England. Severely persecuted following
the Restoration, toleration in 1689 brought its own perils.
Particular Baptists were fortunate in having several strong leaders,
especially the London trio of Hanserd Knollys, William Kiffin, and
Benjamin Keach. Such a small and severely persecuted group as the
Baptists could afford little time for academic pursuits, thus of
necessity most of their theology was practical in nature.
Benjamin Keach (1640-1704) was the most outstanding practical
theologian among the English Particular Baptists of the late
seventeenth century. This dissertation is a study of Keach, in
particular his writings on public worship and practical theology.
Although Keach was a prolific author, he has been almost completely
neglected by scholars.
After a biographical sketch of Keach, this study considers his
writings on public worship and practical theology. In the area of
worship, Keach made two outstanding contributions: First, he was the
most vocal apologist for Baptist views on Baptism of his period.
Secondly, and more importantly, his hymn writing and defense of hymn
singing broke new ground, not just for Baptists, but for English
Protestantism, in general. In addition to his contributions in these
areas, he also dealt with the laying on of hands and the sabbath day
worship controversy.
Keach's contributions to practical theology fall into two main
groups: his writings that concern religious education and those that
deal with polity. In addition to these, Keach's vigorous advocacy of
a high Calvinist soteriology are also considered under the rubric of
practical theology. Keach's most important (although not his most
positive) contribution in this area were his soteriological writings.
Although well within the bounds of orthodoxy, some of the tendencies
in Keach's soteriology were taken up by the following generation of
Baptist leaders and developed into a stultifying hyper-Calvinism that
handicapped Baptist evangelism and missions.
In the conclusion, Keach's contributions to a theory of practical
theology are considered
Liuwei Dihuang, a traditional Chinese herbal formula, suppresses chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in obese rats
No full textObjective To investigate the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress, and adipokine-ameliorating effects of Liuwei Dihuang (LWDH), a traditional Chinese herbal formula, in obese rats. Methods After 2 weeks of acclimation with free access to regular rodent chow and water, obese-prone-caesarean-derived (OP-CD) rats were fed a modified AIN-93G diet containing 60% energy from fat. Treatment was performed twice daily by gavage feeding with 500, 1 500, or 3 500 mg/kg body weight LWDH suspended in water (n=12 rats per group). Twelve obese-resistant-CD (OR-CD) rats were fed the atherogenic diet and gavaged with water, and served as the normal control. Blood biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and adiponectin were measured post-sacrifice and used to determine the treatment effect of LWDH and assess the suitability of OR/OP-CD rats for studying these parameters. Results After 9 weeks of treatment, LWDH lowered serum C-reactive protein (CRP) and tumour necrosis factor-\u3b1 (TNF-\u3b1) levels. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels showed a tendency towards reduction, but were not significantly different from the OP-CD control. Liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was increased in response to all three doses of LWDH, while the levels of reduced (GSH) and oxidized glutathione (GSSG) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) were unchanged. Serum adiponectin levels were increased in response to oral administration of LWDH at the dose of either 500 or 1 500 mg/kg body weight. In addition, comparisons between OR-CD and OP-CD rats revealed differential, and for some biomarkers, conflicting characteristics of high-fat diet-fed OP-CD rats in reference to obese human subjects in terms of inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers and circulating adiponectin levels. Conclusion The results show, for the first time, the anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidative stress and adiponectin-ameliorating effects of LWDH in obese rats. The suitability of the OR/OP-CD rat model as a research tool to study inflammation, oxidative stress, and adipokine production requires further investigation.Peer reviewed: YesNRC publication: Ye
The 'true use of reading' : Sarah Fielding and mid eighteenth-century literary strategies.
No full textPhDThe aim of this thesis is to explore, by examining her life and
works, how Sarah Fielding (1710-68) established her identity as an author.
The definition of her role involves her notions of the functions of
writing and reading.
Sarah Fielding attempts to invite readers to form a sense of ties
by tacit understanding of her messages. As she believes that a work
of literature is produced through collaboration between the writer and
the reader, it is an important task in her view to show her attentiveness
toward reading practice. In her consideration of reading, she has two
distinct, even opposite views of her audience: on the one hand a familiar
and limited circle of readers with shared moral and cultural values and
on the other potential readers among the unknown mass of people. The
dual targets direct her to devise various strategies. She tries to
appeal to those who can endorse and appreciate her moral values as well
as her learning. Her writings and letters testify that she is sensitive
to the demands of the literary market, trying to lead the taste of readers
by inventing new forms.
The thesis opens with an overview of Sarah Fielding's career,
followed by a consideration of her critical attention to the roles of
reading. I go on to examine the narrative structures and strategies
she deploys, with a particular emphasis on her use of the epistolary
method. The following chapter deals with her attention to the reading
of the moral message tangibly embodied in her educational writing. It
is followed by an analysis of the activity which earned her a reputation
as a learned woman. Various as the forms of her works are, they invariably
reflect her attempt to balance herself between the two demands of
inventiveness and familiarity
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
INDIGENOUS LAND TENURE AND LAND USE IN ALASKA: COMMUNITY IMPACTS OF THE ALASKA NATIVE CLAIMS SETTLEMENT ACT
Get PDFThrough the utilization of qualitative methods such as archival analysis, semi-structured interviewing, comparative and extended case studies, and observation, this paper closely examines two related Alaska Native communities. Our purpose is to document the impact of the Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act of 1971 (ANCSA) on land tenure, land use, and community structure. In all, 41 interviews were conducted, focusing on the following issues: (1) the role of the tribal government in relation to the regional and village corporate structure; (2) the recent changes in traditional land uses; and (3) how group decisions are made regarding land management and distribution of resources. By locating ANCSA within a broader context of economic, political, and cultural globalization that seeks to substitute traditional collective rights in land with individual tenure in a "free market" economy, the findings of this research may carefully and cautiously be applied beyond North America to other indigenous-state struggles regarding control of land and resources.United States. -- [Alaska Native Claims Settlement Act], Indians of North America -- Legal status, laws, etc. -- Alaska, Land tenure -- Law and legislation -- Alaska, Indians of North America -- Alaska -- Claims, Indians of North America -- Land tenure -- Alaska, Indians of North America -- Alaska -- Government relations -- History, Land Economics/Use,
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Knotless bidirectional barbed versus smooth polypropylene three-loop pulley sutures for repair of canine gastrocnemius tendon
Get PDFCanine common calcaneal (Achilles) tendon injury is a well-known cause of lameness in the dog. The Achilles tendon complex is primarily composed of the gastrocnemius tendon, with smaller contributions from the superficial digital flexor tendon and the common tendon of the biceps femoris, semitendinosus and gracilis muscles. The primary goal in tendon repair is to provide strength appropriate to allow healing while minimizing gap formation. A large gap (>3 mm) in repaired tendon results in slower healing and decreased ultimate tensile strength (UTS) at 6 weeks, compared to those with a smaller gap.
Barbed sutures are a relatively recent entry into the veterinary field. These sutures have found multiple applications in human medicine, including digital flexor tendon repair, as well as gastrointestinal, gynecologic, urologic and cosmetic surgeries. Recent veterinary studies demonstrate that knotless barbed sutures have supraphysiologic, and in some cases, increased load to failure compared to conventional sutures in selected soft tissue surgeries. Each barb provides a small component of the total anchoring force which cumulatively can exceed the tensile strength of the smooth monofilament sutures. The barbs increase suture-tendon interface and theoretically distribute load more evenly throughout the construct, as well as minimize the chances of suture pull-out as a mode of failure. As these sutures are processed from existing materials and result in a smaller core diameter, it is recommended to select a barbed suture 1-2 sizes larger than the appropriate smooth suture, with the expectation of at least equal tensile strength. We hypothesized that a knotless barbed polypropylene repair would have increased strength compared to a smooth knotted polypropylene repair when placed in the clinically utilized three-loop pulley (3LP) suture pattern in an in-vitro model for gastrocnemius tendon repair.
Common calcaneal tendons and calcaneii were obtained as paired units from pelvic limbs of adult, sexually intact mixed breed dogs euthanized for unrelated reasons and free of gross evidence of orthopedic disease. Extraneous tissues were removed, leaving only the gastrocnemius tendon. Each bone-tendon unit was wrapped in towels moistened with saline (0.9% NaCl) solution and stored at -20⁰C until testing. The units were thawed to room temperature overnight prior to testing.
Tensile testing was performed with a servohydraulic testing machine equipped with a 2 kN load cell. Constructs were positioned in the testing machine at a 135⁰ angle to mimic physiological load direction. Tendons were preloaded to 2 N, allowing precise transection 3 cm proximal to the tuber calcaneii. One of each paired unit was randomly selected to receive a 3LP repair with 2-0 USP smooth monofilament polypropylene suture while the other received 3LP repair with 1 USP bi-directional barbed monofilament polypropylene suture. Ultimate tensile strength, load to 1 mm and 3 mm gap, and mode of failure were recorded with a material testing system synchronized with digital video. This data was analyzed for normal distribution and compared with Student’s T-tests. If data was non-normally distributed, Mann-Whitney U tests were performed. Significance was set at P ≤ 0.05 for all tests.
Thirty-three paired limbs were obtained from dogs weighing between 15.9-27.2 kg (average 21.8 kg, range 16.8-27 kg). Significantly higher ultimate tensile strength (p<0.001) for smooth (40.5 ± 10.6 N) compared to the barbed suture repairs (28.6 ± 7.1 N) was noted. The 1mm gap load for the barbed repair (17.2 ± 5.3 N) was significantly less (p<0.001) than the smooth repair (26.8 ± 7.1 N). The 3mm gap load for the barbed (25.3 ± 5.7 N) was also significantly lower (p<0.001) than the smooth repair (35.1 ± 9.4 N).
Thirty-one (94%) out of thirty-three barbed sutures failed when the barbs reversed direction under tensile loading and the suture backed out from its initial placement. Two (6%) barbed sutures broke under tension during testing. With regards to the smooth polypropylene, 31/33 constructs failed by suture material pulling through the tendon. In these cases, the knot and suture material remained intact. The remaining two constructs failed by tendon tears proximal to the repair.
The results demonstrate that the load results at each individual sample point (1 mm gap, 3 mm gap, and UTS) were significantly lower for the barbed than the smooth polypropylene repairs. The p-values for each normally distributed data set were actually an order of magnitude beyond the threshold of significance established prior to testing with our power analysis (P <0.001). Based on our results, knotless barbed polypropylene repair is not a suitable alternative to smooth knotted polypropylene repair when placed in 3LP pattern for canine gastrocnemius repair in vitro.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I only', the embargo will last until 2017-08-01The student, Benjamin Perry, accepted the attached license on 2015-05-04 at 17:13.The student, Benjamin Perry, submitted this Thesis for approval on 2015-05-04 at 17:23.This Thesis was approved for publication on 2015-05-06 at 08:32.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #8236 on 2015-09-29 at 14:58:25Made available in DSpace on 2015-09-29T20:49:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2
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Previous issue date: 2015-05-06Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 89413
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