1,720,958 research outputs found
Forgiveness and Crimes against Humanity: A Dialogue between Hannah Arendt and Jacques Derrida
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Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The Contribution of Criminal Law to the Regulation of Environmental Domage : Reflections Based on a Comparison of French and Brazilian Law
No full textLa nécessité de réguler les atteintes à l’environnement émerge dès les années 70. Le droit a été très tôt mobilisé comme remède à la crise environnementale. Mais en dépit de l'évolution du droit de l'environnement, la transition de la société, indispensable à la maîtrise de la crise, s’avère difficile. Devant cette impasse juridique et le besoin urgent de protéger la société de l'insécurité environnementale, nous avons remis en question la place qu'occupe le droit pénal dans cette quête visant à réguler les atteintes à l’environnement. Tient-il un rôle particulier ? En d'autres termes, s'agit-il d'une réponse, voire, d'une solution à la crise ? La progression des atteintes à l'environnement est liée à l’évolution des activités humaines. Évaluer la contribution du droit pénal à la régulation des atteintes à l’environnement exige donc une approche différente de la matière pénale. Il est nécessaire de confronter le droit pénal à des questions plus directes de régulation. Jusqu'ici, les études ont dévalorisé les tendances régulatrices du droit pénal de l’environnement. En ne reconnaissant pas ces particularités, on ne saurait pourtant tenir suffisamment compte de l'importance de la contribution du droit pénal à la régulation des atteintes à l’environnement. Ces travaux viennent compléter la compréhension du modèle de droit pénal de l'environnement en conceptualisant les transformations que le rapport entre le droit pénal et le droit de l'environnement engendre sur les normes pénales substantielles, sanctionnatrices et procédurales. Celles-ci définissent les critères d’une logique unique de régulation. Les courbes inédites du droit pénal de l'environnement établissent un véritable droit pénal de gestion au soutien de la réalisation d'une multitude d'objectifs de politique environnementale de plus en plus nombreux, audacieux, et fixés sur le long terme, à l'échelle locale comme mondiale. Si l'identité punitive du droit pénal résiste - nécessairement - la logique répressive semble tout à fait reléguée au second plan. Elle ne présente qu'un seul intérêt : alimenter une logique de régulation primaire pour poursuivre la correction des activités sociales générant les risques les plus significatifs pour l’environnement. Les réflexions menées s’appuient sur une comparaison des droits français et brésilien. Le modèle brésilien de droit pénal de l’environnement est parvenu à une certaine maturité. Ses révolutions sont plus évidentes et laissent entrevoir de nouvelles entrées dans l'examen du droit pénal de l'environnement français. L’étude de l'apport du droit pénal à la régulation des atteintes à l’environnement invite le lecteur à se familiariser avec une autre version du droit pénal appelée à se développer. Le droit pénal de l'environnement est axé sur l'avenir de la vie sociale. Il ne cherche pas à conserver un modèle d’organisation des activités sociales mais à le corriger, à le transformer, à le faire évoluer afin de garantir l’accès aux générations présentes et futures à un environnement intègre et sain. C'est un droit pénal dynamique qui cadre avec les défis hypercomplexes de régulation sociale de son époque. Il donne un peu plus d'informations sur les fondements d'un droit pénal postmoderne. Le droit pénal de l'environnement s'impose ainsi en tant que véritable réponse à la crise. Mais il lui reste à trouver les bons outils pour supporter ses profondes transformations. Cette thèse jette aussi les bases d'une meilleure réponse du droit pénal à la crise environnementale. Un nouveau modèle de droit pénal de l’environnement est théorisé afin de satisfaire aux attentes d'efficacité de la régulation des atteintes à l'environnement.The need to regulate environmental damage began to emerge in the 1970s. Very early on, the law was used as a remedy for the environmental crisis. However, despite the evolution of environmental law, the transition of society, essential to overcoming the crisis, is proving difficult. Faced with this legal impasse and the urgent need to protect society from environmental insecurity, we have challenged the place of criminal law in this search to regulate environmental damage. Does the criminal law play any specific role? In other terms, is it a response, or even a remedy, to the crisis? The increase in environmental damage is linked to the evolution of human activities. Assessing the contribution of criminal law to regulating environmental damage therefore requires a different approach to criminal law. It is necessary to confront criminal law with more direct questions of regulation. So far, studies have devalued the regulatory tendencies of environmental criminal law. By failing to recognize these particularities, we may not take sufficient account of the importance of the contribution of criminal law to the regulation of environmental damage. This research completes our understanding of the criminal environmental law model by conceptualizing the transformations that the relationship between criminal law and environmental law engenders in substantive, sanctioning and procedural criminal norms. These define the criteria for a unique regulatory logic. The unprecedented design of environmental criminal law defines a veritable criminal law of management in support of a multitude of increasingly numerous, audacious and long-term environmental policy objectives, on both a local and global scale. While the punitive identity of criminal law - necessarily - persists, the repressive logic seems to have slipped into the background. It has only one interest: to feed a logic of primary regulation to pursue the correction of social activities generating the most significant risks for the environment. These considerations are based on a comparison of French and Brazilian law. The Brazilian model of environmental criminal law has reached a certain maturity. Its revolutions are more obvious, pointing the way to new entries in the examination of French environmental criminal law. The study of the contribution of criminal law to the regulation of environmental offences invites the reader to familiarize oneself with another version of criminal law that is set to develop. Environmental criminal law focuses on the future of social life. It does not seek to preserve a model for the organization of social activities, but to correct, transform and develop it, in order to guarantee present and future generations access to an environment of integrity and health. It is a dynamic criminal law that meets the hyper-complex challenges of social regulation of its time. It provides further insight into the foundations of post-modern criminal law. Environmental criminal law is thus emerging as a genuine response to the crisis. However, it still needs to find the right tools to support its profound transformations. This research also lays the foundations for a more effective criminal law response to the environmental crisis. A new model of environmental criminal law is theorized in order to meet expectations for effective regulation of environmental damage
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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