1,720,962 research outputs found
Prior uterine evacuation of pregnancy as independent risk factor for preterm birth: A systematic review and metaanalysis
Full text linkBACKGROUND:
Preterm birth (PTB) is the number one cause of perinatal mortality. Prior surgery on the cervix is associated with an increased risk of PTB. History of uterine evacuation, by either induced termination of pregnancy (I-TOP) or spontaneous abortion (SAB), which involve mechanical and/or osmotic dilatation of the cervix, has been associated with an increased risk of PTB in some studies but not in others.
OBJECTIVE:
The objective of the study was to evaluate the risk of PTB among women with a history of uterine evacuation for I-TOP or SAB.
DATA SOURCES:
Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Scopus, ClinicalTrials.gov, EMBASE, and Sciencedirect) were searched from their inception until January 2015 with no limit for language.
STUDY ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA:
We included all studies of women with prior uterine evacuation for either I-TOP or SAB, compared with a control group without a history of uterine evacuation, which reported data about the subsequent pregnancy.
STUDY APPRAISAL AND SYNTHESIS METHODS:
The primary outcome was the incidence of PTB < 37 weeks. Secondary outcomes were incidence of low birthweight (LBW) and small for gestational age (SGA). We planned to assess the primary and the secondary outcomes in the overall population as well as in studies on I-TOP and SAB separately. The pooled results were reported as odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI).
RESULTS:
We included 36 studies in this metaanalysis (1,047,683 women). Thirty-one studies reported data about prior uterine evacuation for I-TOP, whereas 5 studies reported data for SAB. In the overall population, women with a history of uterine evacuation for either I-TOP or SAB had a significantly higher risk of PTB (5.7% vs 5.0%; OR, 1.44, 95% CI, 1.09-1.90), LBW (7.3% vs 5.9%; OR, 1.41, 95% CI, 1.22-1.62), and SGA (10.2% vs 9.0%; OR, 1.19, 95% CI, 1.01-1.42) compared with controls. Of the 31 studies on I-TOP, 28 included 913,297 women with a history of surgical I-TOP, whereas 3 included 10,253 women with a prior medical I-TOP. Women with a prior surgical I-TOP had a significantly higher risk of PTB (5.4% vs 4.4%; OR, 1.52, 95% CI, 1.08-2.16), LBW (7.3% vs 5.9%; OR, 1.41, 95% CI, 1.22-1.62), and SGA (10.2% vs 9.0%; OR, 1.19, 95% CI, 1.01-1.42) compared with controls. Women with a prior medical I-TOP had a similar risk of PTB compared with those who did not have a history of I-TOP (28.2% vs 29.5%; OR, 1.50, 95% CI, 1.00-2.25). Five studies, including 124,133 women, reported data about a subsequent pregnancy in women with a prior SAB. In all of the included studies, the SAB was surgically managed. Women with a prior surgical SAB had a higher risk of PTB compared with those who did not have a history of SAB (9.4% vs 8.6%; OR, 1.19, 95% CI, 1.03-1.37).
CONCLUSION:
Prior surgical uterine evacuation for either I-TOP or SAB is an independent risk factor for PTB. These data warrant caution in the use of surgical uterine evacuation and should encourage safer surgical techniques as well as medical methods
Incidence of uterine rupture in second-trimester abortion with gemeprost alone compared to mifepristone and gemeprost
Full text linkOBJECTIVES:
To compare uterine rupture rates in women having a medical abortion receiving gemeprost alone to those receiving mifepristone plus gemeprost.
STUDY DESIGN:
We reviewed the records of women undergoing medical abortion at 13 0/7-23 6/7 weeks from January 2007 to December 2014 at a single center in Italy. Prior to January 2011, we used gemeprost 1 mg vaginally every 3 h up to a maximum of five doses. After January 2011, we added mifepristone 200 mg orally 24 h prior to the same gemeprost protocol. The primary outcome of the study was the incidence of uterine rupture. We compared the outcome between women receiving gemeprost alone with the combination of gemeprost and mifepristone.
RESULTS:
One thousand and sixty-one (58.5%) and 753 (41.5%) women underwent medical abortion in the gemeprost-alone and the gemeprost/mifepristone groups, respectively. Five (0.47%) uterine ruptures occurred in the gemeprost and four uterine ruptures occurred in the gemeprost/mifepristone groups, respectively (0.53%) (p=.89). All uterine ruptures occurred in women with prior cesarean delivery.
CONCLUSIONS:
We rep orted no difference in the incidence of uterine rupture between the gemeprost-alone and gemeprost and mifepristone groups.
IMPLICATIONS:
Uterine rupture is a rare complication of second-trimester medical abortion with gemeprost. Use of mifepristone prior to gemeprost does not affect this risk
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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