1,720,959 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Étude et stratégies d'inhibition des Escherichia coli shigatoxinogènes
No full textLes Escherichia coli Shigatoxinogènes (STEC) colonisent l'épithélium intestinal de leurs hôtes à l'aide de facteurs
d'adhésion ou d'amélioration de fitness, et produisent des Shiga-toxines passant dans la circulation sanguine, provoquant des lésions dans divers organes, responsables de symptômes chez l'Homme (colite hémorragique, syndrome hémolytique et urémique) et le porc (maladie de l'œdème). Les STEC sont représentés par une diversité de clades, avec les séquences-types ST1, ST10 et ST42 incriminés chez le porc, et les séquence-types émergeants ST21 et ST29 incriminés chez l'Homme. Plusieurs autres espèces animales peuvent être porteuses de ces souches de STEC. Ainsi, les ruminants domestiques en élevage sont des porteurs asymptomatiques de STEC, et considérés comme le réservoir principal des souches impliquées dans les infections
humaines, en entretenant une circulation et une contamination via l'alimentation (viande et produits laitiers) principalement. Les souches de STEC impliquées dans les infections chez le porc n'ont pas été associées à d'autres espèces. Cependant, une épidémie de maladie de l'œdème a été récemment observée pour la première fois chez le sanglier sauvage d'Europe en France dans des conditions naturelles, de manière inexpliquée. Une première partie de l'étude a permis de déterminer que les souches de STEC isolées de sanglier appartenaient au séquence-type ST1 impliqué chez le porc de par leur génome cœur, mais que ces souches possédaient en revanche un génome accessoire unique et différent de celui des souches porcines, qui pourrait permettre une meilleure adaptation et/ou une virulence accrue ayant conduit à leur émergence chez le sanglier. Une deuxième partie de l'étude a permis de démontrer que l'emploi de souches productrices des combinaisons de
microcines H/M, H/I/M, ou J/V pouvait (I) inhiber la croissance de souches ST21 et ST29 en condition in vitro, et (II) inhiber la colonisation par ces mêmes souches en condition in vivo en modèle murin. Aucune résistance n'a pu être identifiée parmi les souches STEC après traitement dans ces deux conditions. De plus, une étude in silico de l'impact potentiel des microcines sur (I) les souches issues du colibiote bovin, et (II) les souches de STEC ST21 et ST29, a permis la mise en évidence d'une faible fréquence de résistance/immunité de ces souches vis-à-vis des combinaisons de gènes de microcines H/M, H/I/M, ou J/V.Shigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize the intestinal epithelium of their hosts using adhesion or fitness improvement factors, and produce Shiga-toxins passing into the bloodstream, responsible for lesions in various organs, responsible for symptoms in human (hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome) and pig (edema disease). STEC strains are represented by a diversity of clades, with the sequence-types ST1, ST10 and ST42 implicated in pig, and the emerging sequence-types ST21 and ST29 implicated in humans. Several other animal species can carry these STEC strains. Thus, domestic ruminants in breeding are asymptomatic carriers of STEC, and considered as the main reservoir of strains in human infections, by maintaining circulation and contamination via food (meat and dairy products) mainly. STEC strains active in infections in pig have not been associated with other species. However, an outbreak of edema disease was recently observed for the first time in European wild boar in France under natural conditions, in an unexplained manner. A first part of the
study revealed that the STEC strains isolated from wild boar belonged to the sequence-type ST1 involved in pig by virtue of their core genome, but that these strains, on the other hand, had a unique accessory genome different from that pig strains, possibly explaining a better adaptation and/or an improved virulence which led to their emergence in wild boar. A second part of the study made it possible to demonstrate that the use of strains producing combinations of microcins H/M, H/I/M, or J/V could (I) inhibit the growth of strains ST21 and ST29, under in vitro conditions, and (II) inhibit colonization by these strains under in vivo conditions in a mouse model. No resistance could be identified among the STEC strains after treatment under these two conditions. In addition, an in silico study of the potential impact of microcins on (I) strains derived from
bovine colibiote, and (II) strains of STEC ST21 and ST29, revealed a low frequency of resistance/immunity of these strains to combinations of microcin genes H/M, H/I/M, or J/V
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Étude et stratégie d'inhibition des Escherichia coli shigatoxinogènes
No full textShigatoxigenic Escherichia coli (STEC) colonize the intestinal epithelium of their hosts using adhesion or fitness improvement factors, and produce Shiga-toxins passing into the bloodstream, responsible for lesions in various organs, responsible for symptoms in human (hemorrhagic colitis, hemolytic uremic syndrome) and pig (edema disease). STEC strains are represented by a diversity of clades, with the sequence-types ST1, ST10 and ST42 implicated in pig, and the emerging sequence-types ST21 and ST29 implicated in humans. Several other animal species can carry these STEC strains. Thus, domestic ruminants in breeding are asymptomatic carriers of STEC, and considered as the main reservoir of strains in human infections, by maintaining circulation and contamination via food (meat and dairy products) mainly. STEC strains active in infections in pig have not been associated with other species. However, an outbreak of edema disease was recently observed for the first time in European wild boar in France under natural conditions, in an unexplained manner. A first part of the study revealed that the STEC strains isolated from wild boar belonged to the sequence-type ST1 involved in pig by virtue of their core genome, but that these strains, on the other hand, had a unique accessory genome different from that pig strains, possibly explaining a better adaptation and/or an improved virulence which led to their emergence in wild boar. A second part of the study made it possible to demonstrate that the use of strains producing combinations of microcins H/M, H/I/M, or J/V could (I) inhibit the growth of strains ST21 and ST29, under in vitro conditions, and (II) inhibit colonization by these strains under in vivo conditions in a mouse model. No resistance could be identified among the STEC strains after treatment under these two conditions. In addition, an in silico study of the potential impact of microcins on (I) strains derived from bovine colibiote, and (II) strains of STEC ST21 and ST29, revealed a low frequency of resistance/immunity of these strains to combinations of microcin genes H/M, H/I/M, or J/V.Les Escherichia coli Shigatoxinogènes (STEC) colonisent l'épithélium intestinal de leurs hôtes à l'aide de facteurs d'adhésion ou d'amélioration de fitness, et produisent des Shiga-toxines passant dans la circulation sanguine, provoquant des lésions dans divers organes, responsables de symptômes chez l'Homme (colite hémorragique, syndrome hémolytique et urémique) et le porc (maladie de l'œdème). Les STEC sont représentés par une diversité de clades, avec les séquences-types ST1, ST10 et ST42 incriminés chez le porc, et les séquence-types émergeants ST21 et ST29 incriminés chez l'Homme. Plusieurs autres espèces animales peuvent être porteuses de ces souches de STEC. Ainsi, les ruminants domestiques en élevage sont des porteurs asymptomatiques de STEC, et considérés comme le réservoir principal des souches impliquées dans les infections humaines, en entretenant une circulation et une contamination via l'alimentation (viande et produits laitiers) principalement. Les souches de STEC impliquées dans les infections chez le porc n'ont pas été associées à d'autres espèces. Cependant, une épidémie de maladie de l'œdème a été récemment observée pour la première fois chez le sanglier sauvage d'Europe en France dans des conditions naturelles, de manière inexpliquée. Une première partie de l'étude a permis de déterminer que les souches de STEC isolées de sanglier appartenaient au séquence-type ST1 impliqué chez le porc de par leur génome cœur, mais que ces souches possédaient en revanche un génome accessoire unique et différent de celui des souches porcines, qui pourrait permettre une meilleure adaptation et/ou une virulence accrue ayant conduit à leur émergence chez le sanglier. Une deuxième partie de l'étude a permis de démontrer que l'emploi de souches productrices des combinaisons de microcines H/M, H/I/M, ou J/V pouvait (I) inhiber la croissance de souches ST21 et ST29 en condition in vitro, et (II) inhiber la colonisation par ces mêmes souches en condition in vivo en modèle murin. Aucune résistance n'a pu être identifiée parmi les souches STEC après traitement dans ces deux conditions. De plus, une étude in silico de l'impact potentiel des microcines sur (I) les souches issues du colibiote bovin, et (II) les souches de STEC ST21 et ST29, a permis la mise en évidence d'une faible fréquence de résistance/immunité de ces souches vis-à-vis des combinaisons de gènes de microcines H/M, H/I/M, ou J/V
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