1,721,006 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Analyse ultrastructurale et moléculaire des synapses pivots des synapses en pivot à dopamine cortico-striatales
No full textLa dopamine est un neurotransmetteur qui module l'activité neuronale et régule des fonctions essentielles telles que la prédiction de la récompense, la motivation et le contrôle moteur. Dans le striatum, la dopamine agit généralement sur un large volume via des récepteurs métabotropes à action lente. Cependant, des études récentes ont montré que la dopamine peut également agir localement dans des espaces mesurant quelques micromètres. De plus, il a été démontré que la dopamine renforce la force synaptique lorsque sa libération coïncide avec l’action du glutamate. Ces découvertes suggèrent que la dopamine pourrait être libérée dans des espaces confinés, favorisant ainsi la plasticité synaptique. Malgré ces avancées, les études moléculaires et ultrastructurales ont été limitées par des défis techniques. Durant mon doctorat, j'ai utilisé des techniques de pointe pour explorer les caractéristiques moléculaires et ultrastructurales des terminaisons dopaminergiques et leur relation avec les synapses dans le striatum de souris.Pour analyser la composition des terminaisons dopaminergiques (DA), nous avons combiné le tri cellulaire et l’immunomarquage. Nous avons spécifiquement marqué les neurones dopaminergiques avec une protéine fluorescente verte. Après fractionnement cellulaire du striatum, nous avons isolé les synaptosomes verts (synapses closes avec leurs partenaires) par le tri de synaptosomes par fluorescence activée (FASS). L’immunomarquage de ces synaptosomes isolés a révélé que 30 % des synaptosomes dopaminergiques étaient situés près des synapses cortico-striatales (GLU). Nous avons nommé ces structures synapses pivots de la dopamine (DHS). Nous avons démontrer que les protéines présynaptiques bassoon et VGLUT1, ainsi que la protéine d’échafaudage postsynaptique Homer1, étaient régulés à la hausse dans les DHS, tandis que PSD-95 était moins présente par rapport aux synapses classiques. Ces résultats indiquent que la présence de terminaisons dopaminergiques à proximité des synapses cortico-striatales induit une plasticité moléculaire. Les synapses pivot dopaminergiques pourraient ainsi servir de substrat structurel pour l'activité localisée de la dopamine dans le striatum et pourraient également augmenter la signalisation glutamatergique.Ensuite, nous avons utilisé la cryo-microscopie électronique corrélée à la lumière (cryo-CLEM) pour déterminer l'ultrastructure des terminaisons dopaminergiques et des DHS en trois dimensions. Par rapport aux présynapses cortico-striatales, les synaptosomes DA sont trois fois plus petits et contiennent dix fois moins de vésicules synaptiques (SV). La taille et la forme des SV dans les terminaisons DA est plus hétérogènes, elles sont généralement plus grandes et parfois allongées. Alors que les synapses GLU présentent des zones actives (AZ) et des densités postsynaptiques, les terminaisons DA manquent de groupement visibles de vésicules ou d’organisation synaptique claire. Seules 35 % des terminaisons dopaminergiques comportent au moins une vésicules arrimée nécessaire à l’exocytose. Dans ces terminaisons, les SV sont plus nombreuses et plus proches de la membrane plasmique, suggérant une activité plus élevée. Cependant, les SV en état de « priming » (arrimées à moins de 5 nm de la membrane plasmique) sont absentes des synaptosomes DA. De plus, les terminaisons GLU dans les DHS ont plus de SV en état de « priming », ce qui implique que la présence de terminaisons DA réorganise les SV dans les terminaisons glutamatergiques. Ces résultats suggèrent que l'interaction des terminaisons DA avec les synapses modifie les propriétés de libération du glutamate par un mécanisme local de plasticité dans le striatum.Étant donné que l'activité de la dopamine est dérégulée dans l’addiction, moduler artificiellement l’interaction entre les synapses DA et GLU in vivo pourrait fournir un moyen de rétablir une signalisation dopaminergique normale.Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that modulates neuronal activity and governs essentialfunctions such as reward prediction, motivation, and motor control. In the striatum, dopaminetypically acts over a large volume through slow-acting metabotropic receptors. However,recent studies have demonstrated that dopamine can also operate in localized hotspotsmeasuring a few cubic micrometers. Additionally, dopamine may trigger excitatory synapsepotentiation when released in synchrony with glutamate. Despite these advances, molecularand ultrastructural studies have been limited by technical challenges.During my doctoral training, I developed cutting-edge techniques to explore the molecular andultrastructural features of dopaminergic terminals and their relationship to synapses in themouse striatum.In a first piece of work, we aimed at analyzing the composition of dopaminergic (DA) terminals.To that end, we labeled dopaminergic neurons with a green fluorescent reporter under thecontrol of the Dopamine Transporter promoter (DAT-Cre line). Following subcellularfractionation of the striatum, we isolated green fluorescent synaptosomes (resealed terminalsbound to synaptic partners) with fluorescence-activated synaptosome sorting (FASS).Immunolabeling of these isolated DA synaptosomes confirmed the presence of genuinedopaminergic markers apposed to dopamine receptors. Surprisingly, 30% of dopaminesynaptosomes were bound to cortico-striatal excitatory synapses containing the type 1vesicular glutamate transporter (GLU). We termed these connections cortico-striataldopamine hub synapses (DHS). On these samples, I used 6 markers of the GLU pre- andpost-synapse to scrutinize the effect of the association in DHS and I could identify that theassociation in DHS corelates with a molecular remodeling of the cortico-striatal synapses.Dopamine hub synapses may thus serve as a structural substrate for localized dopamineactivity in the striatum and could further potentiate glutamatergic signaling.Next, I established a cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (cryo-CLEM) protocol onlabeled synaptosomes to determine the ultrastructure of dopamine terminals and DHS in threedimensions. Compared to cortico-striatal pre-synapses, DA synaptosomes were three timessmaller and contained ten times fewer synaptic vesicles (SVs). The size and shape of SVs inDA terminals were more heterogeneous, they were generally larger and sometimes elongated.While GLU synapses exhibited active zones (AZ) and postsynaptic densities, DA terminalslacked distinct vesicle clusters or clear synaptic organization. Only 35% of dopamine terminalscontained at least one tethered SV required for exocytosis. Compared to synaptosomeswithout tethered vesicle, SVs were more abundant and closer to the plasma membrane,suggestive of a higher release activity. However, primed SVs (tethered within 5 nm ofthe plasma membrane) were absent. Interestingly, GLU terminals in DHS had more primedSVs compared to regular GLU synapses, implying that the presence of DA terminalsreorganizes SVs in glutamatergic terminals. These results suggest that the interaction of DAterminals with synapses modifies the release properties of GLU pre-synapses by a localdopamine-dependent plasticity.Given that dopamine dysregulation is implicated in various diseases as addiction, thediscovery of this multipartite structure responsible for specific dopamine activity onglutamatergic inputs represent a new conceptual framework for future studies in the field.Modulating the physical interaction between DA and GLU synapses in vivo could provide anew method to influence dopamine signaling in the striatum
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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