1,720,955 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Microfluidic analysis of phase-separating polymers and their use in bioseparation
No full textLAUREA MAGISTRALEGli agenti terapeutici biologici stanno di anno in anno conquistando un ruolo sempre più importante nell’industria biofarmaceutica; in particolare, gli anticorpi monoclonali costituiscono la maggioranza dei prodotti approvati per il commercio. L'esempio più recente di biofarmaci sono i vaccini a RNA, i quali si basano sulla somministrazione diretta di molecole di mRNA codificanti per le proteine del virus. Allo stesso tempo a fianco dei più tradizionali prodotti terapeutici biologici stanno emergendo nuove promettenti alternative, che comprendono ad esempio le vescicole extracellulari.
Sia la ricerca di base su queste nuove classi di biofarmaci che la loro produzione industriale richiede lo sviluppo di specifici processi di upstream e downstream; in particolare, questi ultimi contribuiscono generalmente alla metà dei costi di produzione. Nello specifico la separazione dei biofarmaci dalla soluzione complessa in cui sono prodotti è fondamentale in quanto deve garantire un'elevata resa e selettività per evitare ogni possibile contaminazione. Al giorno d’oggi le tecnologie standard comprendono la centrifugazione, la filtrazione e la cromatografia; tuttavia questi sono spesso limitati da prestazioni a basse performance.
La biologia open compartments costituisce una base solida per sviluppare approcci bioispirati che consentano di superare le limitazioni di efficienza e rendimento delle tecniche standard.
Le proteine intrinsecamente disordinate (IDP) vanno incontro a separazione di fase liquido-liquido (LLPS), la quale porta alla formazione di una fase liquida ad alta concentrazione di proteine in un ambiente anch’esso liquido. Questo comportamento può essere riprodotto sinteticamente imitandone i domini a bassa complessità (LCD), ossia quelle regione delle proteine intrinsecamente disordinate che guidano la transizione di fase e ne definiscono le caratteristiche. La possibilità di innescare e controllare la loro separazione di fase rende questa classe di polimeri un candidato ideale per la separazione di biologici complessi.
Per poter sfruttare questi polimeri è necessario che il loro comportamento sia compreso a fondo ed altamente prevedibile: emerge dunque la necessità di sviluppare nuovi strumenti analitici per la loro caratterizzazione. La microfluidica droplet-based costituisce una tecnica ad alto potenziale, considerando i suoi numerosi vantaggi come l’alto rendimento, la possibilità di creare compartimenti separati e di controllare finemente la temperatura.
Questo progetto di tesi si inserisce in un più ampio contesto all’interno dell’attività di ricerca sviluppata nel gruppo il cui scopo è investigare come l’architettura della catena polimerica e le condizioni esterne impattino sul comportamento del materiale. Nello specifico questa tesi si pone due scopi. In primo luogo lo sviluppo di strategie innovative ed agevoli per la caratterizzazione ad alto rendimento di polimeri cha vanno incontro a separazione di fase. Abbiamo completato la caratterizzazione termodinamica e cinetica di due polimeri responsivi alla temperatura evidenziando i vantaggi e le limitazioni di tre metodi utilizzati e definendone dunque il loro migliore utilizzo. In secondo luogo abbiamo dimostrato come i polimeri intelligenti possano essere sfruttati in un contesto biotecnologico per la separazione di macromolecole, utilizzando due strategie distinte: la precipitazione per affinità e la precipitazione per scambio ionico. In particolare, abbiamo provato la possibilità di reclutare vescicole extracellulari con il primo metodo e ci siamo poi concentrati sullo sviluppo di un protocollo funzionale alla cattura e al rilascio di proteine standard e liposomi. Questi risultati aprono la strada ad applicazioni dei polimeri intelligenti sia nella bioseparazione preparativa che nella diagnostica.In the last years, the use of biologics as therapeutic agents has gained increasing interest in the pharmaceutical industry. In particular, monoclonal antibodies constitute the majority of the available products. The most up-to-date example of bioproducts are RNA-based vaccines, which are based on the direct administration of mRNA molecules encoding for virus proteins. At the same time, novel classes of promising biologics, such as extracellular vesicles are starting to emerge.
Fundamental research on these new classes of biologics as well as their industrial production need the development of specific upstream and downstream processes. In particular, industrial downstream processes generally contribute to the half of the production costs. The isolation of biologics from the complex mixture they are produced in is critical as it must guarantee a high yield and exceptional selectivity to avoid contaminations. Standard technologies include centrifugation, filtration, and chromatography techniques. Nevertheless, these are often limited by low throughput performances.
Open compartments biology constitutes a solid ground to develop bioinspired approaches that could face efficiency and throughput limitations of standard strategies.
Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) perform liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) which leads to the formation of a liquid protein-rich phase in a liquid milieu. This behaviour can be reproduced synthetically imitating low complexity domain (LCDs), those IDPs region that drive LLPS and define its characteristics. The possibility to trigger their phase separation renders this class of polymers an attractive candidate for the separation of complex biologics.
To exploit these polymers, their behaviour must be deeply understood and highly predictable. Accordingly, it emerges the need of new analytical tools for their characterization. Droplet microfluidics is likely to represent a powerful technique in consideration of its numerous advantages namely high-throughput, compartmentalization, and fine temperature control.
This thesis fits in a bigger framework of an on-going research activity in the group, which aims at designing and controlling phase separation of macromolecules for applications in biotechnology.
Specifically, this thesis consisted of two aims. First, the development of novel strategies for the high-throughput characterization of smart polymers undergoing liquid-liquid phase separation. We performed the thermodynamic and kinetic characterization of two reference thermo-responsive polymers, highlighting advantages and limitations of each method and therefore defining their best application. Secondly, we demonstrated that smart polymers can be used in the separation of macromolecules, employing different strategies such as affinity precipitation and ion-exchange precipitation. We demonstrated the former with the recruitment of extracellular vesicles and we developed ion-exchange precipitation protocols to straightforwardly uptake and release standard proteins and liposomes. These results open attractive applications in preparative bioseparation and diagnostics
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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