101,910 research outputs found
Energy Performance And Long-Term Evaluation Of Internal Thermal Comfort Of An Office Building With Different Kinds Of Glazing Systems And Window Sizes
No full textAlthough the presence of large window surfaces could be preferable during the heating season when solar gains through the glazed components can overcome heating losses from the same surfaces, during the cooling season more attention has to be paid in order to limit the inlet of solar radiation which causes the increment of cooling load. Generally the optimal tradeoff for energy optimization, as already underlined in a previous paper by the authors, is using low thermal transmittance and high solar factor glazing, even if higher solar transmittance considerably worsens the cooling performance. However, the choice of glazing type and the design of windows on a façade may depend on comfort consideration besides energetic evaluations. Thermal sensation of an individual is mainly related to the whole thermal balance of the human body. Comfort limits can in this case be expressed by two indexes proposed by Fanger in 1970: the Predicted Mean Vote, PMV, and the correlated Predicted Percentage of Dissatisfied, PPD. The PMV depends on four environmental parameters (air temperature, air humidity, air velocity and mean radiant temperature) and two variables connected with human being (physical activity and clothing). The air temperature, the air humidity and the air velocity inside a building are directly under the system control. In contrast, the mean radiant temperature is strongly conditioned by the envelope surface temperature, and in particular, by the presence of glazed surfaces whose insulating performance is lower than the opaque components one. In this paper the study of heating and cooling energy needs of an open-space office with different windows’ characteristics has been carried out controlling the internal comfort conditions with appropriate setpoint of the system. An office module with windows on a single façade, or on opposite façades, oriented towards 3 different orientations has been simulated, varying the glazed area (2 sizes), the glazing systems (4 types) and considering three localities of central and southern Europe. The PMV have been calculated for each hour of occupation of the whole year assuming two season as regards the setpoint conditions and clothing level. Calculations have then been repeated considering also the effect of the diffuse and beam solar radiation through the windows directly reaching the occupants. The evaluation of the long-term comfort conditions (on seasonal basis) has been conducted considering some statistical indicators of distribution (the median, minimum, maximum and the interquartile range) and the energy performance of the different glazing solution have been compared accounting for the comfort one
Extensive Utilization Of Dynamic Simulation For Sensitivity Analysis And Optimization Design Of Refurbishment Measures
No full textStatistics and, in particular, sensitivity analysis represent an important tool for the building designer to find information about which parameters have the largest potential in reducing the energy consumption or which are the most crucial to focus on in the different phases of the project process. The application of dynamic simulation to a large number of configurations (i.e. the extensive simulation) to find the optimal solution either considering only the energy aspects or also the economic impacts and not only to evaluate a small set of possible alternatives, represents in that perspective a new approach to the building design, in particular for refurbishment considerations. This work aims to evaluate and generalize this kind of approach with its application to the refurbishment of residential buildings. The considered design solutions represent the most common measures of improvement of the performance of opaque and transparent envelope, such as the insulation level of walls and windows and the solar properties of the glazings. Different starting cases characterized by different envelope thermal inertia, corresponding to three massive materials (timber, clay and concrete), and different geometrical features were studied. A large number of environmental conditions, envelope characteristics and refurbishment interventions have been analyzed within a factorial simulation plan. Among those parameters, the ratios between the dispersing envelope and the volume conditioned (considering 3 different floors of a building – the top, the intermediate and the ground floor), the windows size (small or large size) and their distribution (South, East or West oriented), the level of insulation of the opaque envelope (starting cases without insulation, poor insulated and high insulated cases) and the kind of glazings (starting cases with single glasses and improved cases with double or triple glasses with high or low Solar Heat Gain Coefficient, SHGC) have been examined. Three Italian climates (Milan in the North, Rome in the center region and Messina in the South) were considered as representative of the Southern Europe. The inferential statistical analysis has been used to identify the predominant factors in each refurbishment solution and the economical savings both in heating and in cooling
Gérard Mannion, Chiesa e postmoderno. Domande per l'ecclesiologia del nostro tempo (Scienze religiose. Nuova serie, 21). Trad. G. Pernigotto. 2009
No full textWeber Philippe. Gérard Mannion, Chiesa e postmoderno. Domande per l'ecclesiologia del nostro tempo (Scienze religiose. Nuova serie, 21). Trad. G. Pernigotto. 2009. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 41ᵉ année, fasc. 4, 2010. p. 593
Gérard Mannion, Chiesa e postmoderno. Domande per l'ecclesiologia del nostro tempo (Scienze religiose. Nuova serie, 21). Trad. G. Pernigotto. 2009
No full textWeber Philippe. Gérard Mannion, Chiesa e postmoderno. Domande per l'ecclesiologia del nostro tempo (Scienze religiose. Nuova serie, 21). Trad. G. Pernigotto. 2009. In: Revue théologique de Louvain, 41ᵉ année, fasc. 4, 2010. p. 593
sj-pdf-1-lrt-10.1177_14771535211046521 – Supplemental Material for Lighting conditions in physiotherapy centres: A comparative field study
No full textSupplemental Material, sj-pdf-1-lrt-10.1177_14771535211046521 for Lighting conditions in physiotherapy centres: A comparative field study by L Zaniboni, M Sarey Khanie, G Pernigotto, J Toftum, A Gasparella and BW Olesen in Lighting Research & Technology</p
Assessing solar radiation in the urban area of Bolzano, Italy, by Means of SEBE simulations
No full textAn embedded mechatronic device for real-time monitoring and prediction of occupants’ thermal comfort
No full textSensitivity analysis of SEBE model using different meteorological input: A case study in bolzano, Italy
No full textEvaluation of building envelope energy performance through extensive simulation and parametrical analysis
No full textMore than 30% of the final energy uses in the European Union are due to the building energy consumptions. In order to reduce their energy impact and improve their efficiency, the design activity has been given a large importance, both for new buildings or refurbishment projects. Moreover, besides these goals, during the last years the indoor comfort conditions have assumed a more and more relevant significance for professionals in the building design. That required the development of properly detailed instruments of analysis, such as building energy simulation tools (BES). Generally, the more complex a tool, the higher the number of required inputs but not all of them are always available in the early design stages. For this reason, BES codes have been used also to elaborate simpler models. This research analyses the possibilities given by an extensive use of the BES for the evaluation of the building envelope energy performance and some of the different issues related to BES. The first topic discussed is related to the external boundary conditions in BES, in particular the definition of a representative weather file for the description of the external environment and of the modelling of the heat transfer through the ground. The second topic analyses the problems of the validation of the results provided by BES tools and the relative accuracy introduced by the choice of a specific code. The comparison between BES software is carried out both considering the outputs of a whole thermal zone, such as heating and cooling energy needs and peak loads and the time of their occurrences, and the response of a single component (i.e., opaque walls and glazings). Finally, the coherence between the energy needs elaborated by means of BES tools and those by the quasi-steady state model presented in the technical Standard EN ISO 13790:2008 is studied and some correction factors are proposed for this simplified method
Effects of different moisture sorption curves on hygrothermal simulations of timber buildings
No full textBuilding energy simulations are a key tool to design high performance buildings capable of facing the future challenges and to help reaching the emissions reduction targets. Currently, thermal properties of materials used in most building energy simulations are assumed to be constant and not dependent of moisture content and temperature. Heat and moisture dynamic transfer models allow to simulate building envelope performance considering thermal resistance reduction due to moisture effects. These models are generally considered more accurate than the heat transfer models and they could be used to simulate the heat transfer (increased by water vapour storage) and the moisture buffering effect on the indoor environment. For the simulation to be performed, hygrothermal material properties should be known as functions of moisture content. Nevertheless, hygrothermal material properties are rarely available and correlations from the literature have to be used. In this study, the moisture storage curves of CLT, OSB and two types of wood fibre insulation have been measured with a dynamic vapour sorption analyser. The other hygrothermal properties are estimated from values measured in previous studies or taken from the literature. The simulations of two small single room buildings in four Italian locations are performed with the software EnergyPlus, considering an ideal HVAC system, to calculate the heating and cooling needs of the building. The HAMT (heat and moisture transfer) module of EnergyPlus is used. With the results presented in this study, it is possible to evaluate how an approximated curve affects the results of a whole-building simulation in terms of wall average water content, indoor air relative humidity and heating/cooling loads
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