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    CO2 fluxes of Opuntia ficus-indica Mill. trees in relation to water status

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    Gas exchange pattern in O. ficus-indica(OFI), refers to the Crassulacean Acid Metabolism (CAM); trees have nocturnal stomata opening, so net CO2 uptake and water loss occur during the cooler part ofthe 24-hour cycle. Succulent cladodes skip severe periods of drought through their water storer tissue (parenchyma). To study carbon fluxes in stress and no stress conditions, an experiment was carried out on 3-year-old irrigated and non-irrigated OFI potted trees; whole tree gas exchange was measured continuously with a balloon system made up by a portable Infrared Gas Analyzer. Continuous measurements(nighttime) during the summer season were useful to assess differences in carbon uptake under stress and no stress conditions. There was a gradual increment (5 μmol m2 s-1in June, 7 μmol m2 s-1 in July and 8.8 μmol m2 s-1 in August) in terms of CO2 uptake in irrigated trees from June to August 2010. The uptake was lower in stressed trees than in irrigated ones in each measurements date. Measurements carried out on non-irrigated trees showed carbon gain even 60 days after irrigation was stopped, with less than 2% of soil water content, far below the wilting point. Considering an average of 6.9 μmol CO2 m2 s-1, for well watered trees, from June to August, and a stem area index (SAI) of 2, a daily amount of 21.8 kg ha-1 d-1 of CO2 was accumulated in irrigated trees in that period, corresponding to a carbon assimilation of 0.54 T ha-1

    CARATTERIZZAZIONE CLIMATICA E COMPORTAMENTO FENOLOGICO DI GENOTIPI LOCALI DI PESCO NELL’ALTOPIANO DI UDZUNGWA IN TANZANIA

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    La coltivazione del pesco nell’altopiano di Udzungwa in Tanzania risale agli inizi del XX secolo e ancora oggi rappresenta un'opportunità per aumentare l’apporto nutritivo alla popolazione locale. Questo studio preliminare mira a caratterizzare la climatologia del luogo in rapporto al comportamento fenologico di genotipi locali derivati da vecchie cultivar di pesco europee. Le osservazioni fenologiche sono state condotte nel settembre 2010 e a luglio-agosto 2011 su alberi di pesco appartenenti a un genotipo precoce e a uno tardivo. I dati di temperatura sono stati ricostruiti e utilizzati per stimare l’accumulo di freddo mediante tre modelli fenoclimatici: Utah, Mean Temperature e Dinamico. Valori bassi di CU o “porzioni” accumulate secondo i modelli Utah e Dinamico sono poco compatibili con i dati fenologici osservati, suggerendo l'intervento di altri fattori nella regolazione del risveglio dalla dormienza

    Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis

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    The present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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