1,721,759 research outputs found
From Waste to Electricity through Integrated Plasma Gasification/Fuel Cell (IPGFC) System
No full textThe waste management is become a very crucial issue in many countries, due to the ever- increasing amount of waste material, both domiciliary and industrial, generated.
The main strategies for the waste management are the increase of material recovery (MR), which can reduce the landfill disposal, the improvement of energy recovery (ER) from waste and the minimization of the environmental impact.
These two last objectives can be achieved by introducing a novel technology for waste treat- ment based on a plasma torch gasification system integrated with a high efficiency energy conversion system, such as combined cycle power plant or high-temperature fuel cells.
This work aims to evaluate the performance of an Integrated Plasma Gasification/Fuel Cell system (IPGFC) in order to establish its energy suitability and environmental feature.
The performance analysis of this system has been carried out by using a numerical model properly defined and implemented in Aspen Plus" code environment. The model is based on the combination of a thermochemical model of the plasma gasification unit, previously developed by the authors (the so-called EquiPlasmaJet model), and an electrochemical model for the SOFC fuel cell stack simulation.
The EPJ model has been employed to predict the syngas composition and the energy balance of an RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel) plasma arc gasifier (that uses air as plasma gas), whereas the SOFC electrochemical model, that is a system-level model, has allowed to forecast the stack performance in terms of electrical power and efficiency.
Results point out that the IPGFC system is able to produce a net power of 4.2 MW per kg of RDF with an electric efficiency of about 33%. This efficiency is high in comparison with those reached by conventional technologies based on RDF incineration (20%)
A Novel Approach for Treatment of CO2 from Fossil Fired Power Plants. Part B: The Energy Suitability of Integrated Tri-Reforming Power Plants (ITRPPs) for Methanol Production
No full textIn Part A of this two-paper work, a novel approach for treatment of CO2 from fossil fired power plants was studied. This approach consists of flue gases utilization as co-reactants in a cata- lytic process, the tri-reforming process, to generate a synthesis gas suitable in chemical industries for production of chemicals (methanol, DME, ammonia and urea, etc.). In particular, the further conversion of syngas to a transportation fuel, such as methanol, is an attractive solution to introduce near zero-emission technologies (i.e. fuel cells) in vehicular applications. In fact, the methanol can be used in DMFC (Direct Methanol Fuel Cell) or as fuel for on-board reforming to produce hydrogen for PEMFC (Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cell).
Thus, in order to analyze the tri-reforming process, integrated systems, ITRPPs (Integrated Tri-Reforming Power Plants) for co-generation of electrical power and synthesis gas were defined and their performances were investigated. The integrated systems consist of a power island, based on a thermal power plant (a steam turbine power plant, ITRPP-SC, and a gas turbine combined cycle ITRPP-CC), and a methane tri-reforming island.
This paper (Part B) focuses on the methanol synthesis process by using the syngas produced by the methane tri-reforming island. Therefore, the ITRPP plant configurations have been modified adding the methanol synthesis island and the performances of these integrated plants, that co-produce electrical power and methanol, have been evaluated. The energy and environmental analysis has been carried out by means of a numerical approach which has allowed to calculate the syngas composition, to define the energy and mass balances and to estimate the CO2 emissions for each configurations.
Furthermore, the conventional technology for methanol generation, based on methane steam reforming with carbon dioxide addition, has been analysed and the performances of integrated systems (ISRPP, Integrated Steam Reforming Power Plant), that consist of a power island with a CO2 capture unit, the methane reforming island and the methanol synthesis island, have been investigated.
Results point out that the energy and environmental sustainability of the integrated plants, based on the tri-reforming technology for the co-generation of electrical power and methanol, depends on the flue gases composition. Thus, the tri-reforming process can be considered a promising approach for treatment of CO2 when the exhausts contain low oxygen concentrations (i.e. flue gases from steam cycle power plant)
A novel approach for treatment of CO2 from fossil fired power plants, Part A: The integrated systems ITRPP
No full textThe environmental issues, due to the global warming caused by the rising concentration of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, require new strategies aimed to increase power plants efficiencies and to reduce CO2 emissions.
This two-paper work focuses on a different approach for capture and reduction of CO2 from flue gases of fossil fired power plant, with respect to conventional post-combustion tech- nologies. This approach consists of flue gases utilization as co-reactants in a catalytic process, the tri-reforming process, to generate a synthesis gas suitable in chemical and energy industries (methanol, DME, etc.). In fact, the further conversion of syngas to a transportation fuel, such as methanol, is an attractive solution to introduce near zero- emission technologies (i.e. fuel cells) in vehicular applications.
In this Part A, integrated systems for co-generation of electrical power and synthesis gas useful for methanol production have been defined and their performance has been investigated considering different flue gases compositions. In Part B, in order to verify the environmental advantages and energy suitability of these systems, their comparison with conventional technology for methanol production is carried out.
The integrated systems (ITRPP, Integrated Tri-Reforming Power Plant) consist of a power island, based on a thermal power plant, and a methane tri-reforming island in which the power plants’ exhausts react with methane to produce a synthesis gas used for methanol synthesis. As power island, a steam turbine power plant fuelled with coal and a gas turbine combined cycle fuelled with natural gas have been considered.
The energy and environmental analysis of ITRPP systems (ITRPP-SC and ITRPP-CC) has been carried out by using thermochemical and thermodynamic models which have allowed to calculate the syngas composition, to define the energy and mass balances and to estimate the CO2 emissions for each ITRPP configuration.
The repowering of the base power plants (steam turbine power plant and gas turbine combine cycle) is very high because of the large amount of steam produced in the tri- reforming island (in the ITRPP-SC is about of 64%, while in the ITRPP-CC is about of 105%). The reduction in the CO2 emissions has been estimated in 83% (15.4 vs. 93.4 kg/GJFuelinput) and 84% (8.9 vs. 56.2 kg/GJFuelinput) for the ITRPP-SC and ITRPP-CC respectively
Un approccio statistico per la misurazione della propensione all’utilizzo dei mezzi pubblici
No full textDna methylation dysfunction in chronic kidney disease
Full text linkRenal disease is the common denominator of a number of underlying disease conditions, whose prevalence has been dramatically increasing over the last two decades. Two aspects are particularly relevant to the subject of this review: (I) most cases are gathered under the umbrella of chronic kidney disease since they require—predictably for several lustrums—continuous clinical monitoring and treatment to slow down disease progression and prevent complications; (II) cardiovascular disease is a terrible burden in this population of patients, in that it claims many lives yearly, while only a scant minority reach the renal disease end stage. Why indeed a review on DNA methylation and renal disease? As we hope to convince you, the present evidence supports the role of the existence of various derangements of the epigenetic control of gene expression in renal disease, which hold the potential to improve our ability, in the future, to more effectively act toward disease progression, predict outcomes and offer novel therapeutic approaches
Renewable Energy Storage System via coal hydrogasification with co-production of electricity and synthetic natural gas
No full text
Relazioni business to business e cambiamenti tecnologici. Una prospettiva di marketing industriale.
No full text
- …
