1,721,236 research outputs found
When promoters like scalpers
Full text linkIf a monopoly supplies a perishable good, such as tickets to a performance, and is unable to price discriminate within a period, the monopoly may benefit from the potential entry of resellers. If the monopoly attempts to intertemporally price discriminate, the equilibrium in the game among buyers is indeterminate when the resellers are not allowed to enter, and the monopoly's problem is not well defined. An arbitrarily small amount of heterogeneity of information among the buyers leads to a unique equilibrium. We show how the potential entry of resellers alters this equilibrium.The moment a performance begins, that seat is dead … . It's like fruit. It's perishable.
— Jeffrey Seller, producer of Rent.
New York Times, July 20, 2003
CHINA'S INCOME DISTRIBUTION OVER TIME: REASONS FOR RISING INEQUALITY
Full text linkWe estimate China's rural, urban and overall income distributions using grouped data from 1985-2001. We show how the distributions evolve as well as examine trends in welfare indices. We find the growing rural-urban income gap and increases in inequality within either sector have been equally responsible for overall inequality growth.Consumer/Household Economics,
Estimating a Mixed Strategy: United and American Airlines
No full textWe develop a generalized maximum entropy estimator that can estimate pure and mixed strategies subject to restrictions from game theory. This method avoids distributional assumptions and is consistent and efficient. We demonstrate this method by estimating the mixed strategies of duopolistic airlines
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Modèles dynamiques d'oligopole sur les marchés internationaux du riz et du café
No full textA dynamic linear-quadratic model, allowing a measure of market power exercised by firms or countries is developed and tested for two agricultural products markets : rice and coffee. Extending the standard static analysis of oligopoly to dynamic situation involving adjustment costs and random shocks on production, the model compares two types of possible strategies for the firms or countries : open-loop strategies corresponding to long term agreements without revision, and feedback strategies depending of state variables affecting production levels of a firm or the production of rivals. With positive adjustment costs, firms tend to increase their investments to pree ?npt investments by their rivals. As a consequence output levels are higher in a feedback equilibrium than in an open-loop equilibrium. Feedback strategies appear to be more competitive than open-loop strategies. The estimation of an index of market power on the international coffee market shows that although this index appears close to the competitive level, the reduction of output can vary between 7 % and 14 % of the competitive output level.Le modèle présenté dans cet article est une extension de l'analyse classique d'un oligopole au cas de firmes ou de pays confrontés à des aléas de production et de coûts d'ajustement à court terme de leurs niveaux de production. Modèle linéaire-quadratique, il permet de mesurer le pouvoir de marché des producteurs sur deux marchés internationaux de matières premières agricoles : le riz et le café. Deux types de stratégies sont envisageables pour ces firmes ou pays : des stratégies en boucle ouverte qui correspondent en fait à des contrats de livraison de long terme non renégociés, et des stratégies markoviennes, où les joueurs révisent leurs plans d'offres au cours du temps en fonction du comportement des autres oligopoleurs et/ou de variables de conjoncture exogènes affectant le marché. Les niveaux de production à l'équilibre markovien du jeu entre oligopoleurs sont plus proches du niveau concurrentiel que les productions d'équilibre en boucle ouverte. L'analyse économétrique du marché du café conduit à penser que ce dernier fonctionne de manière quasi-concurrentielle. La réduction de la production par rapport au niveau concurrentiel se situe entre 7 et 14 % de celle-ci selon la technique d'estimation retenue.Karp Larry S., Perloff Jeffrey M. Modèles dynamiques d'oligopole sur les marchés internationaux du riz et du café. In: Cahiers d'Economie et sociologie rurales, N°32, 3e trimestre 1994. Le fonctionnement des marchés agro-alimentaires. Imperfections et interventions publiques. pp. 99-130
Welfare Effects of Minimum Wage and Other Government Policies
No full textThe minimum wage, unlike most government transfer programs, lowered welfare in the 1980s and 1990s as measured by all commonly used welfare or inequality measures, including various Atkinson indexes, the Gini index, standard deviation of logarithms, and others. The effects of most government programs, macroeconomic variables, and aggregate demographic characteristics were qualitatively the same for all the inequality measures
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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