169,962 research outputs found
Perlo winter wheat
No full text Perlo is a winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L. em. Thell.) with breadmaking quality, high grain yield, and adequate lodging resistance. It is moderately resistant to powdery mildew (caused by Erysiphe graminis Merat D.C. ex f. sp. tritici Marchal) and septoria leaf and glume blotch (caused by Septoria nodorum Berk.). Perlo is suited for production in areas of Eastern Canada where winter survival is not a problem. Key words: Wheat (winter), cultivar description </jats:p
Determining military expenditures: arms races and spill-over effects in cross-section and panel data
No full textThis paper considers the determinants of military spending, building on an emerging literature that estimates military expenditure demand functions in cross-section and panel data, incorporating ‘arms-race’ type effects. It updates Dunne and Perlo-Freeman (2003b) using the SIPRI military expenditure database for the period 1988-2003, finding broadly similar results. It also shows differences in results across panel methods, particularly the within and between estimates and illustrates the importance of recognising and modelling dynamic processes within panel data. Heterogeneity is also found to be an important issue and when countries are broken up into groups on the basis of per capita income there is no obvious systematic pattern in the results. This is seen to imply that the demand for military spending, even between two mutually hostile powers, may depend on the whole nature of the relationship between them (and other countries and events in the region), and not simply Richardsonian action-reaction patterns
Determining Military Expenditures: Arms Races and Spill-Over Effects in Cross-Section and Panel Data
No full textThis paper considers the determinants of military spending, building on an emerging literature that estimates military expenditure demand functions in cross-section and panel data, incorporating ‘arms-race’ type effects. It updates Dunne and Perlo-Freeman (2003b) using the SIPRI military expenditure database for the period 1988-2003, finding broadly similar results. It also shows differences in results across panel methods, particularly the within and between estimates and illustrates the importance of recognising and modelling dynamic processes within panel data. Heterogeneity is also found to be an important issue and when countries are broken up into groups on the basis of per capita income there is no obvious systematic pattern in the results. This is seen to imply that the demand for military spending, even between two mutually hostile powers, may depend on the whole nature of the relationship between them (and other countries and events in the region), and not simply Richardsonian action-reaction patterns.Military Spending; Demand; Arms races; Spillovers; Panel data
Determining Military Expenditures: Arms Races and Spill-Over Effects in Cross-Section and Panel Data
No full textThis paper considers the determinants of military spending, building on an emerging literature that estimates military expenditure demand functions in cross-section and panel data, incorporating ‘arms-race’ type effects. It updates Dunne and Perlo-Freeman (2003b) using the SIPRI military expenditure database for the period 1988-2003, finding broadly similar results. It also shows differences in results across panel methods, particularly the within and between estimates and illustrates the importance of recognising and modelling dynamic processes within panel data. Heterogeneity is also found to be an important issue and when countries are broken up into groups on the basis of per capita income there is no obvious systematic pattern in the results. This is seen to imply that the demand for military spending, even between two mutually hostile powers, may depend on the whole nature of the relationship between them (and other countries and events in the region), and not simply Richardsonian action-reaction patterns.Military Spending; Demand; Arms races; Spillovers; Panel data
Influence of the excavation rate on the mechanical response of deep tunnel fronts in cohesive soils
No full textIn conventional tunnelling, the mechanical response of the tunnel front is a main concern and depends on both the geometry (tunnel diameter and cover) and soil mechanical properties. Moreover, in case of excavations in soils characterized by a low value of permeability, even the time factor plays an important role: in case of particularly problematic soils, the displacements of the front are expected to progressively increase with time and tunnel fronts stable under short term conditions potentially either develop unacceptable displacements or become unstable under long term conditions. In this paper, the mechanical response of deep tunnel fronts excavated in a homogeneous cohesive soil stratum are analysed by both performing experimental 1g small scale model tests and non-linear 3D FEM analyses. The numerical results are obtained by assuming the material to be isotropic, homogeneous and characterized by an elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive relationship. The results are presented in terms of the tunnel front characteristic curve, defined in analogy with the well-known characteristic curve for the tunnel cavity and by employing a suitable non-dimensional variable depending on the excavation time, the soil hydraulic/mechanical properties and the tunnel geometry. Finally, the authors introduce a rapid procedure allowing the front displacements estimation without performing ad hoc numerical analyses
Influence of the fibreglass reinforcement stiffness on the mechanical response of deep tunnel fronts in cohesive soils under undrained conditions
No full textThe fronts of tunnels excavated under particularly difficult ground conditions are commonly reinforced by inserting fibreglass pipes. This technique is particularly popular since it is very simple to adapt the reinforcement number/length according to the nature of soils encountered. In this paper, the authors illustrate the results of a 3D FEM numerical campaign aimed at analysing the influence of the reinforcements on the system response, con-veniently summarized by employing a suitably normalized front characteristic curve. The numerical analyses were performed by assuming the material to be isotropic, homogeneous and characterized by an elastic-perfectly plastic constitutive relationship. Only undrained conditions are taken into account: the failure locus is defined according to the Tresca criterion and the flow rule is assumed to be associated. The numerical results show that the effectiveness of the inclusions is not related to the absolute value of the inclusion stiffness but to the value of a suitably defined non-dimensional variable. By employing this non-dimensional variable the authors show that it is possible to tailor the reinforcement stiffness according to the nature of the soil encountered
Urbanistica e concertazione. La concertazione fra operatori pubblici e privati come azione di piano
No full textRadiochemical purity and stability of 99mTc-HMPAO preparations:the influence of pH, volume recovery, and storage conditions
No full textSUMMARY: OBJECT. The aim of this work was to study the influence of the nature (pH, plastic or glass ampoules) of 0,9% NaCl sodium chloride injection used to dilute generator produced sodium pertechnetate at 1, 2 , 5 mL for CeretecTM (GE Healthcare, UK) reconstitution on the radiochemical purity (RCP) stability and pH of Technetium-99m-d,l-hexameththylpropyleneamineoxime (99mTc-d,l-HMPAO).
MATERIAL AND METHODS. 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO is prepared using commercially available freeze-dried kits according to the procedure specified by the manufacturer. Kits were reconstituted with 1, 2 or 5 mL of fresh (not more 2 h old) generator eluted sodium [99mTc]pertechnetate coming from a generator eluted not more than 24 h in 0,9% NaCl containing 0,074-0,22 GBq/mL. The specified radioactive concentration was obtained by diluting generator eluted sodium [99mTc]pertechnetate with 0,9% NaCl Sodium Chloride Injection coming from stored away from light sources plastic ampoules and Sodium Chloride Injection from glass ampoules. The radiochemical purity of 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO was measured at 0, 15 and 30 min after preparation and was determined by methods specified by the manufacture.
RESULTS. We found no influence on the radiochemical purity and stability ( at 30 min following the preparation) of 99mTc-HMPAO based on the type and the pH of sodium chloride injection used for pertechnetate diluting. RCP values decreased proportionally with the decrease of the final volume of preparation and in particular for 1 mL of diluted pertechnetate, the PCR at 30 minutes following the preparation is less than the required (80%). Finally we found that pH average for 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO is lower than indicated by the manufacturer (9,0-9,8).
CONCLUSION. This work revelated that instability of the neutral lipophilic 99mTc-d,l-HMPAO complex has a faster onset in reconstituted kits with volumes smaller than 2 mL of pertechnetate, as required for routine preparations for in vitro leukocyte labelling. Iin particular the 1 mL recconstitution kit should not be used beyond the 15 minutes after preparation. This suggests that any protocols that involve volumes smaller than 2 mL of pertechnetate for the CeretecTM reconstitution should be carefully evaluated in terms of stability of the product
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
No full textThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
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