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Kriteria Pelestarian Kawasan Cagar Budaya Darmo Surabaya Berdasarkan Perspektif Morfologi Kota
No full textPerubahan bentuk fisik kota pada kawasan cagar budaya memiliki dampak terhadap berubahnya karakter kawasan. Kawasan cagar budaya Darmo di Surabaya mengalami perubahan tersebut. Tampak berubahnya fasad bangunan, bentuk bangunan, persil, blok, dan jalan, serta musnahnya bangunan mengakibatkan pudarnya sense of place kawasan bersejarah dari zaman kolonial Belanda itu. Terlebih, kawasan ini merupakan area yang dikembangkan pada awal abad ke-20 di masa permulaan perencanaan kota secara formal di Indonesia, dan menjadi perluasan Kota Surabaya. Namun, upaya pelestarian kawasan ini yang sekarang ada baru mencakup perlindungan terhadap bangunan secara individu. Untuk mengembalikan, mempertahankan, dan meningkatkan karakter kawasan bersejarah, diperlukan perlindungan kawasan secara menyeluruh. Tuntutan ini berpeluang dijawab oleh disiplin morfologi kota karena dapat mencakup berbagai level kedetailan dalam lingkungan binaan. Kajian morfologi kota merupakan kajian fundamental dalam pengelolaan historic urban landscape (HUL). Oleh karena itu, penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji morfologi kawasan cagar budaya Darmo, yang mana hasilnya menjadi masukan untuk mencapai tujuan utama penelitian ini yaitu merumuskan kriteria pelestarian kawasan cagar budaya Darmo. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan intersubjektif dan menggunakan strategi kombinasi dua fase berupa strategi historikal-interpretatif dan kualitatif. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan taktik arsip, wawancara mendalam, observasi lapangan, dan studi literatur. Lalu, metode analisis yang digunakan adalah analisis sejarah berupa metode diakronik dan sinkronik, dan analisis morfologi dengan pendekatan historico-geographical dan typo-morphology. Kemudian dirumuskan kriteria menggunakan triangulasi. Analisis dilakukan dengan resolusi kedetailan pada level makro (kawasan, jalan, blok, persil) dan level mikro (fasad bangunan). Hasil yang didapatkan adalah kawasan cagar budaya Darmo berkembang pada paruh pertama abad ke-20 dalam tiga fase, yakni pra-perencanaan dan perencanaan, pembangunan, dan perluasan. Dari perkembangan itu, diketahui terdapat tiga order dan dua pola pada morfologi kawasan. Selain itu, beberapa tipologi fasad bangunan yang terbentuk dipengaruhi oleh lokasinya pada karakteristik jalan serta fase perkembangan morfologinya. Dengan demikian, dibentuk unit lanskap yang menyatukan bangunan individu menjadi kesatuan kawasan. Unit lanskap dibentuk berbasis karakteristik kawasan dan karakteristik fasad, sebagai landasan bagi pelestarian kawasan cagar budaya ini. Kemudian, kriteria pelestarian yang dirumuskan mencakup level makro dan level mikro pada kawasan cagar budaya Darmo. Dengan perlindungan secara menyeluruh, maka karakteristik kawasan secara utuh dapat tetap lestari.
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Changes in the city's physical form in the cultural heritage area have an impact on changing the area's character. The Darmo cultural heritage area in Surabaya underwent these changes. The changing facade of the building, buildingshape, locks, plots, streets, and demolished buildings have resulted in the fading of the sense of place in this historic area from the Dutch colonial era. Moreover, this area is an area that was developed during the early 20th century at the beginning of formal urban planning in Indonesia and became an extension of Surabaya. However, the current conservation efforts for this area only include the protection of individual buildings. To restore, maintain, and improve the acter of the historic area, it is necessary to protect the area as a whole. This demand has the opportunity to be answered by the discipline of urban morphology because it can cover various levels of detail in the built environment. The tudy of city morphology is fundamental in managing the historic urban landscape (HUL). Therefore, this study aims to examine the morphology of the Darmo cultural heritage area, the results of which are input to achieve the primary goal this research, namely to formulate criteria for the preservation of the Darmo cultural heritage area. This study uses an intersubjective approach and a two-phase combination strategy in the form of historical-interpretative and qualitative strategies. Data collection methods used archival tactics, in-depth interviews, field observations, and literature studies. Then, the analytical method used is historical analysis in diachronic and synchronic methods, and orphological analysis with historicogeographical and typo-morphological approaches. Then the criteria were formulated using triangulation. The analysis was carried out with detailed resolution at the macro level (urban tissue, simple tissue, blocks, and plots) and micro levels (building facades).The results obtained are that the Darmo cultural heritage area developed in the first half of the 20th century in three phases, namely pre-planning and planning, development, and expansion. This development shows three orders and two patterns in the area's morphology. In addition, several typologies of building facades were influenced by their location on the characteristics of the simple tissue and the phase of morphological development. Thus, the landscape units have been formed to unite individual buildings into assemblages. The landscape xv unit is formed based on both the characteristics of the area and the facade as the basis for the preservation of this historic urban landscape. Then, the preservation criteria have been formulated at macro and micro levels in the Darmo cultural heritage area. With comprehensive protection, the characteristics of the area as a whole can remain sustainable
Konfigurasi Spasial pada Kawasan Peninggalan Islam di Wilayah Perkotaan Jawa Timur: Studi Kasus Kawasan Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Ampel, dan Giri
Get PDFSejarah perkembangan agama Islam di Nusantara tidak terlepas dari Pulau Jawa yang menjadi salah satu episentrum syiar agama Islam. Penyebaran agama Islam di Pulau Jawa pertama kali berada di wilayah Jawa Timur, khususnya Gresik dan kemudian Surabaya. Syiar Islam sangat dipengaruhi oleh keberadaan mubaligh fenomenal yakni Wali Songo. Diantara tokoh Wali Songo yang memiliki peran penting pada kota-kota tersebut adalah Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Sunan Ampel, dan Sunan Giri yang hidup pada linimasa penting sejarah Indonesia pada zaman peralihan Hindu-Budha menuju Islam di abad ke-15 M.
Tokoh Wali Songo masa awal tersebut telah membentuk kawasan syiar Islam yang kini menjadi peninggalan cagar budaya Islam di wilayah perkotaan. Kawasan peninggalan tersebut menghadapi sejumlah ancaman seperti pesatnya pembangunan kota, diskoneksi ruang dan waktu, buruknya tata kelola situs, dan perencanaan kawasan yang tidak menghargai warisan sejarah.
Kondisi yang memprihatinkan tersebut perlu mendapat perhatian dengan cara mengenal dan memahami lebih dalam nilai dan makna konfigurasi spasial pada kawasan peninggalan Islam. Penelitian ini menggali dan mengkaji elemen-elemen penyusun ruang pada kawasan studi sebagai bahan untuk merekonstruksi spasial kawasan dalam trajektori linimasa sejarah, untuk memahami nilai dan makna ruang di tiga kawasan peninggalan Wali. Dengan perspektif studi sejarah, arkeologi, dan antropologi, penelitian ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa konfigurasi spasial pada ketiga kawasan studi memiliki perkembangan ruang yang kaya akan akulturasi dan sinkretisme budaya dari zaman Indonesia prasejarah hingga zaman Indonesia Islam. Nilai dan makna yang melekat pada tinggalan fisik dan nirfisik menjadi ruh keistimewaan kawasan. Dengan membandingkan karakteristik antarkawasan, akhirnya kawasan dapat dikelompokkan menjadi dua tipologi: (1) kawasan Maulana Malik Ibrahim dan kawasan Ampel berkarakter kawasan pelabuhan dan perdagangan, sementara (2) kawasan Giri memiliki karakter kawasan pusat kerajaan.
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The history of Islam's development in Nusantara can not be separated from the role of Java Island as one of the epicenters for Islamic spreading. The Islamic spreading in Java was started in the East Java region, especially Gresik, and then followed by Surabaya. The Spread of Islam was influenced by the phenomenal religious leaders of Wali Songo. Among the Wali Songo who played an important role in those cities are Maulana Malik Ibrahim, Sunan Ampel, and Sunan Giri who lived in the vital historical timeline of Indonesia in the 15th century, which was the transition era from the Hindu-Buddhist to Islamic civilization.
These Wali Songo figures in those beginning periods had formed the Islamic center area which now has turned into a relic of Islamic heritage in the urban area. The heritage sites are currently facing several threats from rapid city development, disconnection of time & space, poor site management, and lack of respect towards historical heritage in urban planning.
This concerning condition needs more recognition by identifying & understanding more about the value & meaning which underlie the spatial configuration of Islamic urban heritage sites. This research objective is to explore and elucidate the forming elements of space in these heritage sites as the material for the site’s spatial reconstruction, in the trajectory of a historical timeline. This is conducted to understand the spatial value & meaning in three of Wali Songo heritage sites. Through the perspective of historical, archaeological, and anthropological study, this research has resulted in the conclusion that the spatial configuration in all 3 of these heritage sites has a spatial development that was rich in acculturations & cultural syncretism from the pre-historic until the Islamic age of Indonesia. The value & meaning embedded in the tangible & intangible heritage has become the core of its sense of place. By comparing the characteristics between the sites, it can be grouped into 2 typologies: (1) Maulana Malik Ibrahim and Ampel sites have the character of a trading & harbor area, while (2) Giri site has the character of a government center
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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