1,720,972 research outputs found
Anti-Vaccine; Abuse of Autonomy
Full text linkAşılar önlenebilir ve bulaşıcı hastalıklardan korunmakta en önemli araçlardan biridir. Aşı karşıtlığı ise aşılanma hızlarını azaltmakta ve bulaşıcı hastalıklardan ölümü artırmaktadır. Aşı karşıtlığının altında yatan nedenler; aşının yan etkilerinden korkma, aşıya ilişkin önyargılar, sağlık eğitiminin eksikliğidir.Zorunlu aşı kampanyaları genel toplumun iyilik ve sağlıklılık sonucuna ulaşmak için etkili şekilde uygulanan halk sağlığı uygulamalarıdır. Aşılanma yoluyla hem bireysel hem de toplumsal bağışıklık sağlanmaktadır. Böylece hastalığın bulaşması da azalmaktadır. Aşı karşıtlığı, aşılama yoluyla sağlanacak toplumsal bağışıklığı engelleyeceği için genel toplumun sağlığını kötü şekilde etkilemektedir. Aşı karşıtlığı biyoetik perspektifle bakıldığında hem bireysel hem de toplumsal bağışıklığın engellenmesiyle yararlılık kavramına ters düşmektedir. Aşı karşıtlığı 20. yüzyılın başından bu yana gözlenmiştir ve aşı karşıtları kendi bedenleriyle ilgili kararların kendilerine ait olduğu söylemini kullanmışlardır. Biyoetik perspektifte özerklik kavramı, kişinin özgür iradesiyle, dış baskı olmaksızın kendi kararlarını alabilmesidir. Ancak salgın hastalıklar ve afet durumlarında genel toplumun yararı kişinin özerk tutumunun önüne geçmektedir. Sonuçta bireysel özerkliğin aşı karşıtlığı şeklinde ortaya çıkması hem toplum sağlığını, hem de bireyin sağlığını tehdit altına sokmaktadır
Göz yaşartan gazların solunum sistemi üstündeki etkileri
Full text linkThe acute effects of tear gases such as oleoresincapsicum and 2-chlorobenzylidene malononitrile are well known. Tear gases cause incapacitating inflammatory response in various tissues and organs including the lungs, eyes, nose, throat, skin and others. The final results on the pulmonary system are toxic pneumonitis, asthma aggravation, bronchitis, and rhinitis. Long term effects are irritant induced asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disorders. The best way to reduce the hazardous effects of these gases is not to use them at all. © 2013 by Turkish Thoracic Society
GÖĞÜS HASTALIKLARI KLİNİĞİNE BAŞVURAN HASTALARDA GELENEKSEL TIP UYGULAMALARI
Full text linkObjective: Among various traditional practices for respiratory complaints, the most common one involves the consumption of herbs in different forms. Method: Patients who visited the chest diseases clinic (n=204) were asked whether they used herbal remedies as a part of traditional medicine, aside from the treatments provided at the clinic. Results: The rate of traditional medicine application for their health complaints among the patients was 39.7% (81/204). The most frequently used applications were ginger tea (18.5%), lemon juice (18.5%), pine cone syrup (16%), and carob molasses (14.8%). Patients mainly used traditional medicine for chest pain (50%), phlegm (47.1%), cough (43.1%), and shortness of breath (35.4%). The use of traditional medicine was significantly lower in patients experiencing shortness of breath (35.4% of those who used folk medicine compared to 64.6% of those who did not, p=0.001). The frequency of traditional medicine use was 50% in sarcoidosis patients, 43.1% in asthma patients, and 30% in COPD patients. Among regular medication users, the rate of traditional medicine use was 41.5%.Conclusion: In addition to regular medication use for respiratory complaints and diseases, patients also included traditional medicine applications at an average rate of 40%. When questioning the use of regular medication and/or traditional medicine of patients, valuable information will be obtained regarding both their compliance with treatment and the possible benefits and harms of the traditional medicine products they use.Amaç: Solunum şikayetlerine yönelik çeşitli geleneksel uygulamalar arasında en yaygın olanı, bitkilerin farklı formlarda tüketilmesidir.Yöntem: Göğüs hastalıkları polikliniğine başvuran hastalara (n=204) klinikte uygulanan tedaviler dışında geleneksel tıbbın bir parçası olan bitkisel ürünleri kullanıp kullanmadıkları soruldu.Bulgular: Hastaların sağlık şikayetleri nedeniyle geleneksel ilaçlara başvurma oranı %39,7 (81/204) idi. En sık kullanılan uygulamalar ise zencefil çayı (%18,5), limon suyu (%18,5), çam kozalağı şurubu (%16) ve keçiboynuzu pekmezi (%14,8) oldu. Hastaların çoğunlukla göğüs ağrısı (%50), balgam (%47,1), öksürük (%43,1) ve nefes darlığı (%35,4) için geleneksel ilaç kullandığı görüldü. Nefes darlığı çeken hastalarda geleneksel ilaç kullanımı anlamlı olarak daha düşüktü (halk ilacı kullananlarda %35,4, kullanmayanlarda %64,6, p=0,001). Geleneksel ilaç kullanım sıklığı sarkoidoz hastalarında %50, astım hastalarında %43,1, KOAH hastalarında ise %30 olarak belirlendi. Düzenli ilaç kullananlarda geleneksel ilaç kullanma oranı %41,5 oldu.Sonuç: Hastalar solunum yolu şikayetleri ve hastalıklarına yönelik düzenli ilaç kullanımının yanı sıra ortalama %40 oranında geleneksel tıp uygulamalarına da yer vermişlerdir. Hastaların düzenli ilaç ve/veya geleneksel ilaç kullanımları sorgulanırken hem tedaviye uyumları hem de kullandıkları geleneksel ilaç ürünlerinin olası yararları ve zararları hakkında değerli bilgiler elde edilecektir
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
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