1,720,956 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Phylogenetic distribution of CMP-Neu5Ac hydroxylase (CMAH), the enzyme synthetizing the pro-inflammatory human xeno-antigen Neu5Gc
Get PDFThe enzyme CMP-N-acetylneuraminic acid hydroxylase (CMAH) is responsible for thesynthesis of N-glycolylneuraminic acid (Neu5Gc), a sialic acid present on the cell surfaceproteins of most deuterostomes. The CMAH gene is thought to be present in mostdeuterostomes, but it has been inactivated in a number of lineages, including humans. Theinability of humans to synthesize Neu5Gc has had several evolutionary and biomedicalimplications. Remarkably, Neu5Gc is a xeno-antigen for humans, and consumption ofNeu5Gc-containing foods, such as red meats, may promote inflammation, arthritis andcancer. Likewise, xenotransplantation of organs producing Neu5Gc can result ininflammation and organ rejection. Therefore, knowing what animal species contain afunctional CMAH gene, and are thus capable of endogenous Neu5Gc synthesis, haspotentially far-reaching implications. In addition to humans, other lineages are known, orsuspected, to have lost CMAH; however, to date reports of absent and pseudogenic CMAHgenes are restricted to a handful of species. Here, we analyze all available genomic datafor non-deuterostomes, and 322 deuterostome genomes, to ascertain the phylogeneticdistribution of CMAH. Among non-deuterostomes, we found CMAH homologs in twogreen algae and a few prokaryotes. Within deuterostomes, putatively functional CMAHhomologs are present in 184 of the studied genomes, and a total of 31 independent genelosses/pseudogenization events were inferred. Our work produces a list of animals inferredto be free from endogenous Neu5Gc based on the absence of CMAH homologs and arethus potential candidates for human consumption, xenotransplantation research, and modelorganisms for investigation of human diseases
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Network Analysis of Biomedical Data Using REACH Natural Language Processing
No full textOne of the core features of scientific work is reading and researching literature. Facing an unknown disease, beginning a new research project, or writing a paper to present your own research data are all good examples of why someone would run a wide literature search. However, it is difficult to stay up to date with the cutting edge of scientific research. A more recent approach that exceeds the limits of traditional manual research lies in automated literature analysis using natural language processing (NLP), something which is particularly relevant in complex biomedical research. NLP permits more rapid access to the information contained in scientific databases and may help to drastically increase the reproducibility of literature searches, allowing researchers to process all documents for a definite result. Network analysis techniques can be used to analyze the information extracted from literature, which often comes in the form of relationships between various biomedical entities. We used the REACH NLP tool to read 1.2 million papers in PubMed to extract mentions of biologically-relevant molecules and their relationship/interaction with other molecules. We then created an application - Visualizing Entities and Relationships in Text (VERIT), that allows users to generate network visualizations by querying the database we generated, which contains relationships between chemicals, proteins, genes, and phenotypes that were extracted by running REACH
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
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