1,720,957 research outputs found
Rodne pogrdnice : semantička, etička i politička dimenzija
No full textBy combining philosophy of language, political philosophy, and epistemology, the dissertation explores the ethical and political dimensions of slurs, areas that have been understudied despite recent increased philosophical interest. Slurs are a part of the pejorative cluster, and they express derogatory attitudes towards their targets. Slurs are the most used vehicle of hate speech which makes them a critical focus for understanding the broader phenomenon of hate speech. The main goal of the thesis is to address the harm caused by slurs that do not traditionally fit into the category of hate speech. Namely, some slurs do not legally qualify as hate speech but still cause significant harm, both individually and collectively. The most typical examples of these kinds of slurs are gendered slurs for women, such as whore, slut, etc. The idea that gendered slurs target women as a group and not just individuals has been challenged, and the thesis presents a possible answer to this challenge by augmenting existing theories of slurs. Namely, I utilize Miščević’s (2016) idea of slurs having layers and suggest a new layer: the negative identity-prejudicial stereotype layer, inspired by Fricker’s (2007) work. Finally, the pivotal aspect of the thesis is the introduction of the novel concept of derogatory-labeling injustice which explains how such slurs (prime examples being gendered slurs for women) cause significant harm through negative identity prejudice evoked by their literal uses. The dissertation, as stated, augments existing theories of slurs and highlights the role of negative identity prejudice in generating this kind of injustice. By examining slurs through the lens of philosophy of language, social and political philosophy, and epistemology, the thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of slurs and their impact.Kombinirajući filozofiju jezika, političku filozofiju i epistemologiju, disertacija istražuje etičke i političke dimenzije pogrda. Navedena područja nedovoljno su istražena unatoč nedavnom povećanom zanimanju za njih u filozofiji jezika. Pogrde podpadaju pod pogrdnice, a izražavaju negativne stavove prema žrtvama. Pogrde su najčešće korišteno sredstvo govora mržnje što ih čini kritičnom točkom fokusa za razumijevanje šireg fenomena govora mržnje. Glavni cilj ovoga rada jest istražiti štetu koju čine one pogrde koje se tradicionalno ne uklapaju u kategoriju govora mržnje. Naime, neke pogrde se pravno ne kvalificiraju kao govor mržnje, ali ipak uzrokuju značajnu štetu, sličnu onoj koju uzrokuje govor mržnje. Najtipičniji primjeri ove vrste pogrda su rodne pogrde za žene, kao što su kurva, drolja, itd. Ideja da su rodne pogrde usmjerene na žene kao skupinu, a ne samo pojedince, je dovedena u pitanje, a rad predstavlja mogući odgovor na taj izazov proširenjem postojećih teorija o pogrdama. Naime, koristim se Miščevićevom (2016) idejom da pogrde imaju slojeve te predlažem novi sloj, a to je negativni identitetsko-predrasudni stereotip, inspiriran radom Mirande Fricker (2007). Ključni aspekt disertacije je uvođenje novog koncepta nepravde – nepravde pogrdnog etiketiranja – koji objašnjava mehanizme takvih pogrda (glavni primjeri takvih pogrda su pogrde za žene). Odnosno, dokazuje se da takve vrste pogrda, u njihovoj doslovnoj upotrebi, uzrokuju značajnu štetu evocirajući negativne predrasude o identitetu. Disertacija, kao što je navedeno, proširuje postojeće teorije o pogrdama i naglašava ulogu predrasuda o negativnom identitetu u stvaranju nove vrste nepravde. Proučavajući pogrde kroz prizmu filozofije jezika, socijalne i političke filozofije te epistemologije, rad pridonosi dubljem razumijevanju pogrda i njihovog utjecaja
Rodne pogrdnice : semantička, etička i politička dimenzija
No full textBy combining philosophy of language, political philosophy, and epistemology, the dissertation explores the ethical and political dimensions of slurs, areas that have been understudied despite recent increased philosophical interest. Slurs are a part of the pejorative cluster, and they express derogatory attitudes towards their targets. Slurs are the most used vehicle of hate speech which makes them a critical focus for understanding the broader phenomenon of hate speech. The main goal of the thesis is to address the harm caused by slurs that do not traditionally fit into the category of hate speech. Namely, some slurs do not legally qualify as hate speech but still cause significant harm, both individually and collectively. The most typical examples of these kinds of slurs are gendered slurs for women, such as whore, slut, etc. The idea that gendered slurs target women as a group and not just individuals has been challenged, and the thesis presents a possible answer to this challenge by augmenting existing theories of slurs. Namely, I utilize Miščević’s (2016) idea of slurs having layers and suggest a new layer: the negative identity-prejudicial stereotype layer, inspired by Fricker’s (2007) work. Finally, the pivotal aspect of the thesis is the introduction of the novel concept of derogatory-labeling injustice which explains how such slurs (prime examples being gendered slurs for women) cause significant harm through negative identity prejudice evoked by their literal uses. The dissertation, as stated, augments existing theories of slurs and highlights the role of negative identity prejudice in generating this kind of injustice. By examining slurs through the lens of philosophy of language, social and political philosophy, and epistemology, the thesis contributes to a deeper understanding of slurs and their impact.Kombinirajući filozofiju jezika, političku filozofiju i epistemologiju, disertacija istražuje etičke i političke dimenzije pogrda. Navedena područja nedovoljno su istražena unatoč nedavnom povećanom zanimanju za njih u filozofiji jezika. Pogrde podpadaju pod pogrdnice, a izražavaju negativne stavove prema žrtvama. Pogrde su najčešće korišteno sredstvo govora mržnje što ih čini kritičnom točkom fokusa za razumijevanje šireg fenomena govora mržnje. Glavni cilj ovoga rada jest istražiti štetu koju čine one pogrde koje se tradicionalno ne uklapaju u kategoriju govora mržnje. Naime, neke pogrde se pravno ne kvalificiraju kao govor mržnje, ali ipak uzrokuju značajnu štetu, sličnu onoj koju uzrokuje govor mržnje. Najtipičniji primjeri ove vrste pogrda su rodne pogrde za žene, kao što su kurva, drolja, itd. Ideja da su rodne pogrde usmjerene na žene kao skupinu, a ne samo pojedince, je dovedena u pitanje, a rad predstavlja mogući odgovor na taj izazov proširenjem postojećih teorija o pogrdama. Naime, koristim se Miščevićevom (2016) idejom da pogrde imaju slojeve te predlažem novi sloj, a to je negativni identitetsko-predrasudni stereotip, inspiriran radom Mirande Fricker (2007). Ključni aspekt disertacije je uvođenje novog koncepta nepravde – nepravde pogrdnog etiketiranja – koji objašnjava mehanizme takvih pogrda (glavni primjeri takvih pogrda su pogrde za žene). Odnosno, dokazuje se da takve vrste pogrda, u njihovoj doslovnoj upotrebi, uzrokuju značajnu štetu evocirajući negativne predrasude o identitetu. Disertacija, kao što je navedeno, proširuje postojeće teorije o pogrdama i naglašava ulogu predrasuda o negativnom identitetu u stvaranju nove vrste nepravde. Proučavajući pogrde kroz prizmu filozofije jezika, socijalne i političke filozofije te epistemologije, rad pridonosi dubljem razumijevanju pogrda i njihovog utjecaja
Living According to Conscience
Get PDFWe discuss the proposal of Chandran Kukathas engaged in one of the goals ofliberal theories: the protection of freedom of conscience. Kukathas proposesthe metaphor of a liberal archipelago where different communities are sovereignin enforcing their worldview on their territory. We share Kukathas’sintention to strongly protect freedom of conscience, but we think that Kukathas’stheory fails to adequately protect it. In Kukathas’s view, freedom ofconscience is protected through freedom of association and the related freedomto exit an association. But freedom of exit, intended only as a right notto be coerced when one wants to leave, is insufficient. It must be sustained bythe provision of capabilities to leave that one can exercise, as well as by capabilitiesto evaluate her condition. We discuss, then, a more promising proposalof an egalitarian libertarian archipelago proposed by Michael Otsuka. Afterexplaining why this system isn’t sufficiently stable, we conclude that the constitutionalegalitarian liberal state is a better candidate.
Pejoratives and Testimonial Injustice: Precis
Get PDFTestimonial injustice is a hot topic in social epistemology. My own work is concerned with pejoratives (in particular, gender pejoratives for women), so in this paper I wish to connect them with such injustice. So, my present topic is testimonial injustice perpetrated by the serious use of pejoratives, in particular, gender pejoratives. It combines two strands: on the one hand, the work on testimonial injustice; and here I shall rely on Miranda Fricker’s work, and on the other hand, my own central area of interest, (gender) pejoratives
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Get PDFThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Get PDF“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Get PDFWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Get PDFWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
