1,721,039 research outputs found
Diarrohoea in irradiated patients: a prospective multicentre observational study. Pergolizzi S, Maranzano E, De Angelis V,
No full textHadrontherapy in the context of cancer care in Italy
No full textPurposeThe present article aims to illustrate the development of hadrontherapy in Italy in a narrative description.MethodsA review of historical documents and a search of relevant scientific literature articles was performed by internet, pubmed and web of science.ResultsThe hadrontherapy projects started in Italy in the 90th and allowed the realization of centres equipped by cyclotron or synchrotron able to deliver proton and carbon ion radiotherapy. The clinical results worldwide confirmed the effectiveness of this treatment modality and the inclusion in the essential levels of assistance (LEA) with reimbursement by the Italian health public system. The "Associazione Italiana di Radioterapia e Oncologia Clinica (AIRO)" supported from the beginning the introduction of hadrontherapy and promoted its use in the clinical setting. Four centres are currently under operation allowing the Italian patients to receive this innovative treatment modality.ConclusionsNowadays, hadrontherapy has gained a relevant consideration in the scientific community and is recognized as an advanced technique that should be recommended in specific clinical settings. The technological development allows the installation of new machines and could lead to a larger diffusion in the next future thanks to the smaller sized and less costly installations in cancer centres and in the hospitals with relevant oncological activity
A Ten-year-long Update on Radiation Proctitis Among Prostate Cancer Patients Treated With Curative External Beam Radiotherapy
No full textThis comprehensive synopsis summarizes the most relevant information obtained from a systematic analysis of studies of the last decade on radiation proctitis, one of the most feared radioinduced side effects among prostate cancer patients treated with curative external beam radiotherapy. The present review provides a useful support to radiation oncologists for limiting the onset or improving the treatment of radiation proctitis. This work shows that the past decade was a harbinger of significant new evidence in technological advances and technical tricks to avoid radiation proctitis, in addition to dosimetric perspectives and goals, understanding of pathogenesis, diagnostic work-up and treatment. We believe that a well-rounded knowledge of such an issue is fundamental for its appropriate management
Combination of immune checkpoint inhibitors and radiotherapy: review of the literature
No full textLiterature experiences in cancer treatment usually deal with either targeting the tumour cell or the immune system, which often fail to reach the curative purposes in many solid tumours. On the other hand, one mechanism of radiation-induced tumour control is the activation of the adaptive immune system by tumour antigen release following radiotherapy. So, combining radiation therapy with immune checkpoint blockade treatment at the same time may represent a way to stimulate the adaptive immune system, with further amplification of immune responses reached through systemic immune checkpoint blockade. Until now, only few studies deal with the association of immune checkpoint blockade treatment and radiotherapy. In this review, we evaluate this association, highlighting this possibility as a new strategy to improve outcome in cancer patients
Chemical analysis, biological and therapeutic activities of Olea europaea L. extracts
Full text linkThe Olea europaea L. is a very well-known and widely used plant, especially for its nutritional qualities. Its extracts from leaves and fruits are widely used in contrasting and preventing various pathologies. In this review, the collected data highlight important chemical analyses and biological effects of this plant extracts. It exhibits cholesterol-lowering, hypoglycemic, cytotoxic, antibacterial, neuroprotective, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and hypotensive activities. The results show that extracts from O. europaea could be used as a food additive in the supplementary treatment of many diseases
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
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