1,587 research outputs found

    Pietro Verri’s Contribution to the Economic Theory of the 18th Century: Commercial Society, Civil Society and Governance of the Economy

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    'Count Pietro Verri (1728-97) - Schumpeter writes (History, p. 178) - - would have to be included in any list of the greatest economists'. Within the Milanese school, he certainly stands out, alongside with Cesare Beccaria, during one of the most interesting periods from a history of analysis point of view. Luigi Cossa's famous introduction to the study of political economy rates Pietro Verri to be inferior to Beccaria in ingenuity and scientific cultivation, but greatly to be ahead of him as an economist.1 This judgement by Cossa, in particular, seems to echo the relative position of the two men in the history of ideas, particularly after Beccaria's rise to fame with a book - On crimes and punishments - which had in fact been largely inspired by Verri himself and defended by him.2 It is proposed in the present paper to revisit some of the basic tenets of Pietro Verri's political economy, with more in view than dwell on specific intuitions and theorems: namely relate those to Verri's own - quite original - conception of the economy. The scholarly work of Pietro Verri - with a special reference to his Meditazioni sulla economia politica of 1771 - provides the first systematic contribution stemming from the quarters of Lombard enlightenment in the field of political economy, especially so if one considers that Cesare Beccaria's parallel work - namely his Elementi di economia pubblica, conceived and drafted at the same time as Verri's Meditazioni - would only be published posthumously several years later. From the vantage point afforded by Verri's political economy, we gain a considerably attractive view of the most significant elements and characteristic concepts of Lombard enlightenment during the latter half of the 18th century; Verri, moreover, as we shall see, builds on a number of them in a new and original way. This paper is aimed at discussing Verri's political economy mainly along two distinct, but related, lines. In the first place the conception of commercial society is considered such as it is treated by the author particularly in his Meditazioni. In this perspective the analysis of such issues as competition and the market or money and taxation occupy a central place. Secondly it will be necessary to emphasise that Verri's approach has little to do either with forms of pure economics on one side - largely yet to be born throughout the 18th century - or, on the other side, with such conceptions of the polis - contrariwise well alive among his own contemporaries - as are founded on a sovereign authority conceived to be situated above the law. What Verri's political economy ultimately amounts to is an economic conception of civil society. The latter has natural strong connections with his own fact-mindedness - emphasised by Schumpeter - as well as with his deep practical involvement in administrative affairs and in the reforming process taking place during the latter half of the 18th century in Milan. In our view, a thorough investigation along the mentioned lines is the precondition for an understanding of the intellectual stature and of the scholarly contribution of Pietro Verri. His main ground is distinctly analytical and only by appreciating his analysis is it possible to shed light on the meaning and intellectual significance also of his practical contributions. Moreover Verri's pronouncements on the criticism of despotic government, the relevance of intermediate powers or bodies and on multiple levels of governance will be examined in a new and original light, showing how close they are to the gist of his analysis.

    Pietro Pomponazzi

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    Sacellum Beate Mariae Virginis Einsidlensis Divinit

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    Darstellung von zwei Mönchen und vier anbetenden Figuren auf der Treppe der alten 1798 zerstörten Gnadenkapelle in der Klosterkirche Einsiedeln[Petrus] Perfetti SculpTitel als Inschrift auf einer gezeichneten Steintafel im Bild vorne rechts radiert; unten auf der Steintafel unbekannte Initialen "C. B. F."Unten links in der Platte radiert "Petrus (Fehlstelle im Wort) Perfetti Sculp: Plac. 1760"Aus der Sammlung Leonhard Ziegler zum Egli (1782-1854); unter der Nummer "2477" in Zieglers "Catalogus Schweizerischer Prospecten und Landskarten", S.46 vermerkt Exemplar der Zentralbibliothek Zürich, Graphische Sammlung und Fotoarchi

    About twin primes and distribution of primes

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    This paper give us a demonstration of twin primes conjecture using approximation of function �(iupsilon) that we introduce in section 6. Section 1-5 give us introduction to terminology and a clarification on (iupsilon) terms. In particular section 5 is really important because of its Lemma. Section 7 reassume foregoing explanations and it give us two theorems and one corollary;the theorem 7.2 give us exact approximation of twin primes counting function

    ”È una questione di qualità”. Il progetto della mostra “Felicitazioni! CCCP – Fedeli alla linea 1984-2024”

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    The exhibition "Felicitazioni! CCCP – Fedeli alla linea 1984 - 2024" was held at the Chiostri di San Pietro in Reggio Emilia from 12 October 2023 to 10 March 2024, curated by CCCP - Fedeli alla linea themselves, with the architect Stefania Vasques as co-curator. We present an interview with the latter

    Canzoni, preghiere, danze. Psicofenomenologia dei CCCP

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    The present issue of Engramma (210) analyses the context, scope and aesthetics of the Italian punk group CCCP - Fedeli alla Linea, with the intention of involving scholars from different disciplines in order to outline, within a rigorous scientific framework, a psycho-phenomenology of CCCP as a “symptom” (in the Warburgian sense) and “connector” of a specific historical era. The starting point is the magnificent exhibition “Felicitazioni! CCCP - Fedeli alla linea 1984 - 2024” (Reggio Emilia, Chiostri di San Pietro, 12 october 2023-10 march 2024) to which the first section of this issue is dedicated. In the first contribution, Felicitazioni! Socialismo e schizofrenia. Note attorno alla mostra “Felicitazioni!, Francesco Bergamo addresses some of the main topics and possible interpretations of the exhibition “Felicitazioni! CCCP – Fedeli alla linea 1984-2024” in the monumental complex of the Chiostri di San Pietro in Reggio Emilia, homeland of the band. The exhibition is curated by CCCP themselves in collaboration with Stefania Vasques, who was interviewed in “È una questione di qualità”. Il progetto della mostra “Felicitazioni! CCCP – Fedeli alla linea 1984-2024” . Starting from “Felicitazioni!”, in CCCP. Felicitazione. Ovvero: il postmoderno spiegato agli anziani, Mario Farina constructs his writing by analysing the 'CCCP' device of memory, the phenomenon of nostalgia for something that never really existed, imbuing it with a deep and sharp theoretical reflection on the postmodern substance of the group.This section, dedicated to the band’s fortieth anniversary initiatives, concludes with Live in Berlin! CCCP in DDDR, Filippo Perfetti and Giulia Zanon’s account of the concerts CCCP gave in Berlin in February 2024. The contributions in this issue are organised in three sections: Canzoni (Songs), Preghiere (Prayers), Danze (Dances). The section Canzoni deals with what comes from outside. A series of writings that speaks of the context, i.e. those external conditions, be they historical or cultural, that allowed the CCCP to be born. The first contribution is by Luca Alessandrini, who in Reggio Emilia nella crisi della sinistra e delle sinistre negli anni Ottanta offers a historical reconstruction of the crisis of the Italian left, which occurred at a time when the world was undergoing radical change. In L’incontro mancato. I CCCP e Aldino Togliatti, Ivan Carozzi tells the story of Aldino Togliatti, son of the communist leader Palmiro Togliatti, who spent most of his life in a psychiatric hospital. Chiara Velicogna, inspired by the piece of the Berlin Wall exhibited in the “Felicitazioni!” exhibition, in Saluti da Pankow. A proposito del Muro di Berlino e dei suoi resti explores the material and visual aspects of the history of the Berlin Wall. Gian Piero Piretto, interviewed by Christian Toson, in CCCP e СССР. Il mito sovietico italiano, da Cavriago a Berlino recounts the metamorphosis that the myth of the Soviet Union has undergone in Italy, from the late 1970s and 1990s to the present day. The section Preghiere takes an introspective look at the Emilian group and their artistic process. Guglielmo Bottin’s essay Fedeli a Berlino. Influenze della Neue Deutsche Welle nel post-punk emiliano dei CCCP focuses on the influence of the Berlin cultural scene on CCCP’s music. Michele Rossi in “Smettila di parlare, avvicinati un po’”. Mi ami? dei CCCP – Fedeli alla linea analyses the song Mi ami?, a poetic collage Ferretti made from the 1979 Italian translation of Roland Barthes’ Fragments d'un discours amoreux. Michele Nastasi in “Lasciami così”. Luigi Ghirri e i CCCP – Fedeli alla linea, writes about Ghirri’s photographic campaign for the album Epica Etica Etnica Pathos, and through the narration of this experience constructs a comparison, both theoretical and spiritual, between Ghirri and CCCP. Also spiritual is the analysis of Giorgiomaria Cornelio, who in Ferretti o il ritmo dell’apostasia speaks of the messianic aspects of Giovanni Lindo Ferretti’s singing. The section Danze is about expression: the representations and images CCCP shows of itself. Alessandro Bratus in Ideologia come stile, stile come ortodossia. La costruzione di un immaginario spettacolare nel progetto artistico dei CCCP offers a detailed analysis of the CCCP in the way they embrace and reject what influences them on stage. Alessadra Vaccari in “La storia siamo noi”. Moda e cultura popolare in Annarella ‘benemerita soubrette’ offers a reading of the clothes Annarella designs, sews and wears, not only in terms of their aesthetic and stylistic bearing. This is followed by an interview with Diego Cuoghi Forma e sostanza. Le copertine dai CCCP al CSI, curated by Michela Maguolo, a dialogue with the architect and designer who has worked with the group since their last CCCP covers in the late 1980s. Lastly in Frammenti elettrici, Filippo Perfetti draws up a treatise on the hermeneutics of the moving image, based on suggestions triggered by video fragments tangentially dealing with CCCP and their cultural background

    ”È una questione di qualità”. Il progetto della mostra “Felicitazioni! CCCP Fedeli alla linea 1984-2024”. Intervista a Stefania Vasques

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    The exhibition "Felicitazioni! CCCP – Fedeli alla linea 1984 - 2024" was held at the Chiostri di San Pietro in Reggio Emilia from 12 October 2023 to 10 March 2024, curated by CCCP - Fedeli alla linea themselves, with the architect Stefania Vasques as co-curator. We present an interview with the latter
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