4,095 research outputs found
Mitogenomes from Two Uncommon Haplogroups Mark Late Glacial/Postglacial Expansions from the Near East and Neolithic Dispersals within Europe
No full textThe current human mitochondrial (mtDNA) phylogeny does not equally represent all human populations but is biased in favour of representatives originally from north and central Europe. This especially affects the phylogeny of some uncommon West Eurasian haplogroups, including I and W, whose southern European and Near Eastern components are very poorly represented, suggesting that extensive hidden phylogenetic substructure remains to be uncovered. This study expanded and re-analysed the available datasets of I and W complete mtDNA genomes, reaching a comprehensive 419 mitogenomes, and searched for precise correlations between the ages and geographical distributions of their numerous newly identified subclades with events of human dispersal which contributed to the genetic formation of modern Europeans. Our results showed that haplogroups I (within N1a1b) and W originated in the Near East during the Last Glacial Maximum or pre-warming period (the period of gradual warming between the end of the LGM, ~19 ky ago, and the beginning of the first main warming phase, ~15 ky ago) and, like the much more common haplogroups J and T, may have been involved in Late Glacial expansions starting from the Near East. Thus our data contribute to a better definition of the Late and postglacial re-peopling of Europe, providing further evidence for the scenario that major population expansions started after the Last Glacial Maximum but before Neolithic times, but also evidencing traces of diffusion events in several I and W subclades dating to the European Neolithic and restricted to Europe
Arrival of Paleo-Indians to the Southern Cone of South America: New Clues from Mitogenomes
No full textWith analyses of entire mitogenomes, studies of Native American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) variation have entered the final phase of phylogenetic refinement: the dissection of the founding haplogroups into clades that arose in America during and after human arrival and spread. Ages and geographic distributions of these clades could provide novel clues on the colonization processes of the different regions of the double continent. As for the Southern Cone of South America, this approach has recently allowed the identification of two local clades (D1g and D1j) whose age estimates agree with the dating of the earliest archaeological sites in South America, indicating that Paleo-Indians might have reached that region from Beringia in less than 2000 years. In this study, we sequenced 46 mitogenomes belonging to two additional clades, termed B2i2 (former B2l) and C1b13, which were recently identified on the basis of mtDNA control-region data and whose geographical distributions appear to be restricted to Chile and Argentina. We confirm that their mutational motifs most likely arose in the Southern Cone region. However, the age estimate for B2i2 and C1b13 (11–13,000 years) appears to be younger than those of other local clades. The difference could reflect the different evolutionary origins of the distinct South American-specific sub-haplogroups, with some being already present, at different times and locations, at the very front of the expansion wave in South America, and others originating later in situ, when the tribalization process had already begun. A delayed origin of a few thousand years in one of the locally derived populations, possibly in the central part of Chile, would have limited the geographical and ethnic diffusion of B2i2 and explain the present-day occurrence that appears to be mainly confined to the Tehuelche and Araucanian-speaking grou
Securing javascript runtime of OPC UA deployments
No full textOPC UA is a commonly used machine-to-machine communication protocol. As it is used in industrial critical infrastructure, its security is vital. OPC UA has several proprietary and open-source implementations in different programming languages. Among them, a JavaScript implementation node-opcua stands out due to advantages such as ease of use, code maturity etc. JavaScript is a just-in-time compiled programming language that is executed by a runtime system. Node.js is the most common runtime environment to run JavaScript programs. Deno is it a potential and unofficial successor as it is developed by the original author of Node.js. One promised improvement of Deno is the focus on higher security, such as having a restricted file system and network access by default. Since (1) not all libraries have been adopted yet for for Deno, since (2) this new runtime comes with a compatibility mode featured first in version v1.15, since (3) there is very few research literature yet and since (4) there is no current dedicated OPC UA implementation for Deno so far, we present and evaluate measures to overcome errors when running node-opcua on Deno in this paper
Replication Data for: SOLUTION OF THE PROBLEM OF TRANSFORMATION OF THE VALUES OF COMMODITIES INTO THE PRICES OF PRODUCTION (CALCULATIONS)
No full textAbstract
In this paper, the author presents fundamentally new methods for transforming the value of commodities into original and equilibrium prices of production using Marx's five-sphere tables from the third volume of Capital. Mathematical verification of models is performed by method sequential iterations and using the Wolfram Mathematica program. It also presents the method of inverse transformation of prices of production of commodities into values. Proved that pricing systems based on the principles of value and price of production are not mutually exclusive, they complement each other, representing a single whole. A comprehensive solution to the transformation problem shows that Marx does not have the mistakes attributed to him by critics.
JEL classification: B14, B16, B24, E11, E20, E21, E22, P16, P17
Keywords: Karl Marx, transformation problem, mechanisms, original transformation, individual sphere of production, equilibrium price of production, real wages, direct and inverse transformation, iteration methods, mathematical verification
The initial peopling of the Americas: A growing number of founding mitochondrial genomes from Beringia
No full textPan-American mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup C1 has been recently subdivided into three branches, two of which (C1b and C1c) are characterized by ages and geographical distributions that are indicative of an early arrival from Beringia with Paleo-Indians. In contrast, the estimated ages of C1d—the third subset of C1—looked too young to fit the above scenario. To define the origin of this enigmatic C1 branch, we completely sequenced 63 C1d mitochondrial genomes from a wide range of geographically diverse, mixed, and indigenous American populations. The revised phylogeny not only brings the age of C1d within the range of that of its two sister clades, but reveals that there were two C1d founder genomes for Paleo-Indians. Thus, the recognized maternal founding lineages of Native Americans are at least 15, indicating that the overall number of Beringian or Asian founder mitochondrial genomes will probably increase extensively when all Native American haplogroups reach the same level of phylogenetic and genomic resolution as obtained here for C1d
UA Informa contribution to attract prospective students: an exploratory study
No full textStudent recruitment rates are essential for Higher Education institutions’ sustainability. Universities may try to attract prospective students by providing information in their institutional website, advertising or offering campus visits, among other initiatives. In this line, the “UA Informa” is a project towards the promotion of extension activities for the community, to promote the image of the University of Aveiro (UA) and enhance education for sustainability. The project is relevant to UA students, prospective students, and other visitors. In this context, a set of open educational resources was developed to be accessed through QR codes spread across the campus. This exploratory study analyses the contribution of a non-formal game-based university campus visit into two dimensions: a) promotion of the institution's image; and b) students’ satisfaction with the proposed activity. The game prompts the players to find nine points of interest with specific QR codes, resulting on a path through the campus. A total of 23 students attending grade 10, from a school out of the UA influence zone, participated in the campus visit. At the end, students filled in an individual and anonymous questionnaire exposing their opinion on the experience. The students revealed an overall favorable perception on the university and game-based
campus visit, as they classified the activity as interesting and with good value for learning about the university. Nineteen students considered they would like to attend a UA course in the future (after grade 12), although many presented a neutral position regarding this possibility. This study indicates that the UA Informa may enhance the university image to capture
prospective students, but its utility does not end here, as it may also facilitate the integration of students who attend the UA for the first time, and opens the university to the overall community. Furthermore, the QR codes are a visible and practical way to provide outreach and promote involvement of the community with sustainability issues, so it might have impact in the society sustainable habits as well.publishe
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Recovering an Irish Voice from the American Frontier
No full textRecovering an Irish Voice from the American Frontier is a bilingual compilation of stories by Eoin Ua Cathail, an Irish emigrant, based loosely on his experiences in the West and Midwest. The author draws on the popular American Dime Novel genre throughout to offer unique reflections on nineteenth-century American life. As a member of a government mule train accompanying the U.S. military during the Plains Indian Wars, Ua Cathail depicts fierce encounters with Native American tribes, while also subtly commenting on the hypocrisy of many famine-era Irish immigrants who failed to recognize the parallels between their own plight and that of dispossessed Native peoples. These views are further challenged by his stories set in the upper Midwest.
His writings are marked by the eccentricities and bloated claims characteristic of much American Western literature of the time, while also offering valuable transnational insights into Irish myth, history, and the Gaelic Revival movement. This bilingual volume, with facing Irish-English pages, marks the first publication of Ua Cathail’s work in both the original Irish and in translation. It also includes a foreword from historian Richard White, a comprehensive introduction by Mahoney, and a host of previously unpublished historical images
Parametric Modulation Instability in Dual Polarization Driven Passive Fiber Cavities Induced by Periodic Polarization Rotation
No full textInternational audienceWe investigate theoretically and numerically the generation of parametric modulation instability in a cavity made of a highly birefringence polarization maintaining fiber with periodic rotation of the intracavity light field through a Faraday rotator. We developed a model based on a two couple nonlinear Schrödinger equations describing the propagation of the linearly polarized components along the principal axes of the fiber and boundary conditions accounting for the coupler and the periodic rotation of the polarization state of the intracavity field. Analytical predictions obtained with a linear stability analysis and Floquet theory, are validated by numerical simulations, and generation of new parametric MI branches, with regards to the scalar case, is highlighted.</div
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