1,721,012 research outputs found
Role of Ligands in the Uptake and Reduction of V(V) Complexes in Red Blood Cells
No full textThe interaction with erythrocytes of four [V V O 2 L 2 ] - complexes, with L = picolinate (pic), 5-cyanopicolinate (picCN), 3-aminopyrazine-2-carboxylate (przNH 2 ), and 1,2-dimethyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-pyridinonate (dhp), was studied. The thermodynamic stability at physiological pH is: [V V O 2 (dhp) 2 ] - > [V V O 2 (przNH 2 ) 2 ] - > [V V O 2 (pic) 2 ] - > [V V O 2 (picCN) 2 ] - . With picCN and pic, V exists at physiological pH as H 2 V V O 4- , with przNH 2 as a mixture of H 2 V V O 4- and [V V O 2 (przNH 2 ) 2 ] - and with dhp as [V V O 2 (dhp) 2 ] - . In the systems with pic and picCN, H 2 V V O 4- and the ligands cross the erythrocyte membrane independently, with dhp the uptake occurs by diffusion, whereas with przNH 2 both the mechanisms are active. Inside erythrocytes stable V IV OL 2 complexes are formed, indicating that there is no relationship with the stability and redox state of the administered compounds and that, if the metal ion changes its oxidation state in the cytosol as V does, unstable complexes in the extracellular medium could become stable inside the cells and contribute to the pharmacological action
Interaction of V(V) complexes formed by picolinic and pyrazinecarboxylic acid derivatives with red blood cells
No full textCharacterization of the compound of vanadium(V) with picolinic acid
No full textSintetizirala sem spojino vanadija(V) s pikolinsko kislino in jo primerjala z že obstoječim standardnim vzorcem z uporabo analiznih tehnik, vključno z IR spektroskopijo, rentgensko praškovno difrakcijo, UV-VIS spektroskopijo ter NMR spektroskopijo. S pomočjo teh analiz sem ugotovila, da imata obe spojini enake značilnosti.I synthesized a vanadium(V) compound with picolinic acid and compared it with an existing standard sample using techniques, including IR spectroscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, UV-VIS spectroscopy, and NMR spectroscopy. Through these analyses, I determined that both compounds exhibit identical characteristics
Reactions of L-thyroxine with nicotinamide and 3-hydroxypyridine
No full textV sklopu diplomske naloge sem preverjal tvorbo kokristalov oz. soli različnih organskih spojin z L-tiroksinom. Izbrani reagenti so vsebovali različna akceptorska mesta halogenskih vezi. Testiral sem topnost izhodnih reagentov v topilih H2O, DMF in MeOH ter nato izvedel reakcijo teh reagentov z L-tiroksinom v izbranih topilih ter poskušal tvoriti kristale s počasnim izhlapevanjem topil iz steklenih kivet z reakcijsko raztopino. Tvorjene produkte in reagente sem nato analiziral z uporabo rentgenske praškovne difrakcije. V nalogi sem se osredotočil predvsem na reakcije z nikotinamidom in 3-hidroksipiridinom, ki sta dala najboljše rezultate.As part of my diploma thesis, I examined the formation of cocrystals or salts of various organic compounds with L-thyroxine. The selected reagents contained different halogen bond acceptor sites. I tested the solubility of the starting reagents in H2O, DMF and MeOH and then reacted these reagents with L-thyroxine in the selected solvents and attempted to form crystals by slow evaporation of the solvents from glass cuvettes containing the reaction solution. The products and reagents formed were then analysed by X-ray powder diffraction. In this thesis I focused mainly on the reactions with nicotinamide and 3-hydroxypyridine, which gave the best results
Impact of zinc and vitamins on COVID-19
No full textIzbruh COVID-19 je Svetovna zdravstvena organizacija uradno razglasila za pandemijo. COVID-19 je močno ogrozil zdravje ljudi po svetu in povzročil ogromno gospodarsko škodo.
V času pisanja diplomske naloge še ni bilo znano učinkovito sredstvo proti virusu SARS-CoV-2, zato je bilo treba poiskati nadomestne metode za nadzor širjenja bolezni. Za preprečevanje nadaljnjega širjenja virusa je predpisanih več previdnostnih ukrepov, ki vključujejo karanteno, preventivno umivaje rok, uporaba razkužila in zaščitnih mask. V diplomskem delu sem se posvetila zgolj spletnemu raziskovanju vpliva cinka in vitaminov A, C in D na COVID-19. Ugotovila sem, da cinkovi ioni v kombinaciji z ionofori lahko zaustavijo replikacijo virusa v gostiteljski celici, tako da inhibirajo aktivnost RNA-odvisne RNA polimeraze virusa. Respiratorni trakt je občutljiv na pomanjkanje vitamina A, zato je pomembna dovolj visoka koncentracija cinka v telesu, saj le ta pripomore pri absorpciji vitamina A. Vitamini A, C in D imajo pomembno vlogo pri delovanju imunskega sistema prav tako pa zmanjšajo možnost okužbe z virusom oziroma pripomorejo k lažjemu zdravljenju le te.The COVID-19 outburst was officially declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organisation. Worldwide, COVID-19 has put many people\u27s health at risk and has caused an enormous economic crisis.
While writing this diploma work, an efficient means of fighting the SARS-CoV-2 has not been developed yet, which is why replacement methods for controlling the spread of the disease had to be found. In order to prevent the virus from spreading, several precautionary measures had to be taken, such as quarantining, preventive hand washing, using disinfectants, and wearing protective face masks. In this diploma work, I focused only on researching the impact of zinc and vitamins A, C, and D on COVID-19. I found out that zinc ions, combined with ionophores, can stop the virus replication in the host cell by inhibiting the activity of RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of the virus. The respiratory tract is sensitive to vitamin A deficiency, therefore it is important to maintain a sufficiently high concentration of zinc in our bodies, as it aids the absorption of vitamin A. Vitamins A, C, and D play a significant role in the workings of our immune system and reduce the possibility of viral infection or help make its medical treatment easier
Luminiscence attributes of zinc coordination compounds with indol-3-propionic acid or indol-3-acetic acid ligand with neutral nitrogen ligands
No full textV sklopu magistrske naloge sem sprva sintetiziral spojini [Zn(I3P)2] in [Zn(I3O)2]. Pri sintezi obeh navedenih spojin sem kot izhodno spojino uporabil ZnCl2 in ustrezno kislino (indol-3-propanojsko (I3P-H) in indol-3-ocetne kislino (I3O-H)). Pripravljeni spojini sem nato uporabil kot izhodni spojini pri sintezah z različnimi nevtralnimi dušikovimi ligandi. Sinteze sem izvajal v dveh množinskih razmerjih med izhodno spojino cinka in ligandom (1:1 in 1:2), ob uporabi različnih topil (metanol, etanol, kloroform, voda, aceton, dimetilformamid) v različnih kombinacijah. Nastale produkte sem okarakteriziral z analizo razultatov nekaterih fizikalno-kemijskih metod (rentgensko praškovna analiza (PXRD), rentgenska analiza monokristala (XRD), jedrska magnetna resonanca (1 H NMR). Posnel sem tudi IR spektre, UV-Vis in luminiscenčne spektre produktov v trdnem. Z uporabo navedenih metod sem predvidel sledeče formule dobljenih spojin: [Zn(I3P)2(2,2\u27-bipy)] (2,2\u27-bipy = 2,2\u27-bipiridin), [Zn(I3O)2(4,4\u27-bipy)], [Zn(I3P)2(4,4\u27-bipy)] (4,4\u27-bipy = 4,4\u27-bipiridin), [Zn(I3O)2(4-ampy)2]∙H2O (4 ampy = 4-aminopiridin), [Zn(I3P)2(bipyam)] (bipyam = 2,2\u27-bipiridilamin), [Zn(I3P)2(phen)] (phen = 1,10-fenantrolin), [Zn(I3P)2(neo)], [Zn(I3O)2(neo)] (neo = neokuproin).As a part of my master thesis [Zn(I3P)2] and [Zn(I3O)2] were initially synthesized from ZnCl2 and the corresponding acid (indole-3-propanoic and indole-3-acetic acid). Those two compounds were used as starting compounds in syntheses with various neutral nitrogen ligands. Syntheses were performed in two mass ratios between the initial zinc compound and the ligand (1:1 and 1:2), using different solvents (methanol, ethanol, chloroform, water, acetone, dimethylformamide) in different combinations. The resulting products were characterized by analyzing the results of some methods (X-ray powder analysis (PXRD), single crystal X-ray analysis (XRD), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). IR spectra, UV-Vis and luminescence spectra of the products were recorded in the solid state. Following formulas of the obtained compounds were predicted: [Zn(I3P)2(2,2\u27-bipy)] (2,2\u27-bipy = 2,2\u27-bipyridine), [Zn(I3O)2(4,4\u27-bipy)], [Zn(I3P)2(4,4\u27-bipy)] (4,4\u27-bipy = 4,4\u27-bipyridine), [Zn(I3O)2(4-ampy)2]∙H2O (4 ampy = 4-aminopyridine), [Zn(I3P)2(bipyam)] (bipyam = 2,2\u27-dipyridylamine), [Zn(I3P)2(phen)] (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline), [Zn(I3P)2(neo)], [Zn(I3O)2(neo)] (neo = neocuproine)
Optimization of the methyl 6-(hydroxymethyl)picolinate for ligand preparation
No full textPri svojem diplomskem delu sem se osredotočil na optimizacijo sinteze metil 6-(hidroksimetil)pikolinata iz dimetil dipikolinata. Izvedel sem reakcije redukcije na 10 g skali pri čemer sem spreminjal hitrost dodajanja reagenta. Za izboljšanje izkoristka sem spreminjal tudi volumen in število ponovitev pri ekstrakciji. S pomočjo TLC sem z mešanjem topil v različnih razmerjih določil najprimernejšo mobilno fazo za čiščenje s kolono. Izvedel sem še eno reakcijo pod nekoliko drugačnimi pogoji na manjši skali. Na koncu sem čistost produktov preveril z 1H NMR analizo.In the thesis, I focused on the optimization of the synthesis of methyl 6-(hydroxymethyl)picolinate from dimethyl dipicolinate. I performed the reduction reactions on a 10 g scale, varying the reagent addition rate. To improve the yield, I also varied the volume and the number of extraction repetitions. Using TLC, I determined the most suitable mobile phase for column purification by mixing solvents in different ratios. I carried out another reaction under slightly different conditions on a smaller scale. Finally, I checked the purity of the products by 1H NMR analysis
Perspectives of coordination chemistry for carbon dioxide binding
No full textV diplomskem delu sem raziskala problematiko ogljikovega dioksida in njegovo možnost vezave ter odstranjevanje iz okolja, saj na ta način zmanjšamo njegov vpliv na okolje. Ogljikov dioksid (CO2) je toplogredni plin, ki povzroča zniževanje pH vrednosti oceanov, vpliva na rastline in njihovo pospešeno rast, povzroča učinek tople grede in posledično globalno segrevanje, zaradi česar pride do taljenja ledenikov in naraščanja gladine oceanov. Da bi uspešno preprečili vplive na okolje se razvijajo metode za učinkovito vezavo v kovinsko organske komplekse z njihovo različno koordinacijo in različnimi ligandi. Kovinski kompleksi delujejo kot idealni heterogeni katalizatorji za aktivacijo CO2, omogočajo pa tudi številne kombinacije vezave različnih ligandov na kovinske ione. Nadaljnje raziskave se tako ukvarjajo predvsem z iskanjem najbolj optimalnih kombinacij kovinskih centrov in ligandov za nastanek kompleksov, ki bi omogočali vezavo CO2 pod blagimi pogoji, saj na ta način dosežemo tudi koncept »zelene kemije«. V delu so opisani sintezni postopki z uporabo CO2 za pridobivanje kemikalij, kot so: karbonati in karbamati, karboksilne kisline, metanol in sečnina. Opisan je tudi Kolbe-Schmittov postopek.In my thesis I researched the issue of carbon dioxide and its potential for binding, as well as disposal from the environment, as this reduces its impact on the environment. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is a greenhouse gas that causes ocean acidification, affects plants and their accelerated growth, causes the greenhouse effect and, as a result, global warming, leading to melting glaciers and rising ocean levels. In order to successfully prevent environmental impacts, methods are being developed to efficiently bind metal-organic complexes with their different coordination and different ligands. Metal complexes act as ideal heterogeneous catalysts for CO2 activation and their ability to bind in many combinations of different ligands to metal ions. Further research is therefore primarily concerned with finding the most optimal combinations of metal centers and ligands to form complexes, to bind CO2 under mild conditions, thus also achieving the concept of "green chemistry". The thesis describes synthetic processes using CO2 to produce chemicals such as: carbonates and carbamates, carboxylic acids, methanol and urea. The Kolbe-Schmidt process is also described
Synthesis of zinc and copper complexes with heterocyclic carboxamides
No full textV svojem diplomskem delu sem poizkusil sintetizirati cinkove(II) in bakrove(II) komplekse z osmimi še neraziskanimi heterocikličnimi amidi in vzgojiti kristale pridobljenih spojin. Kristali primerne kvalitete za rentgensko monokristalno analizo so nastali v dveh primerih, preostale vzorce sem analiziral z rentgensko praškovno difrakcijo. Z analizo sem ugotovil, da predvideni kompleksi niso nastali, v vzorcih so bile prisotne izhodne spojine.In my bachelor’s thesis I tried to synthesize zinc(II) and copper(II) complexes with eight yet unresearched heterocyclic amides and achieve crystal growth of obtained compounds. Crystals of required quality for single crystal X-ray diffraction formed in two instances, I analyzed the remaining samples with X-ray powder diffraction. Through the analysis I determined the predicted complexes did not form, the samples contained starting compounds
Amide derivatives of dipicolinic acid as potential ligands for binding to zinc ions
Full text linkSladkorna bolezen predstavlja velik izziv za celotno družbo, saj trenutne terapije ne odpravljajo osnovnega vzroka bolezni, tj. okvare delovanja beta celic trebušne slinavke.
Produkt dolgoletnega razvoja novih spojin so številni cinkovi kompleksi, ki so jim že potrdili proti-diabetične lastnosti, vendar pa zaradi svoje toksičnosti še niso primerni za zdravljenje sladkorne bolezni.
Magistrsko delo obsega sintezo amidnih derivatov dipikolinske kisline in analizo protonskih spektrov pripravljenih spojin. Sinteza amidnih analogov dipikolinske kisline vključuje večstopenjsko reakcijo. Izhodni produkt magistrskega dela je dimetilni ester dipikolinske kisline. Ester je v prvi stopnji potrebno preko bazične hidrolize s KOH pretvoriti v metilni ester dipikolinske kisline. Sledi sinteza kislinskega klorida pod inertnimi pogoji na Schlenkovi liniji ter nato pretvorba klorida z izbranim aminom v amidni derivat. V zadnji stopnji je potrebno ponovno z bazično hidrolizo pretvoriti estersko skupino v karboksilno. Produkti zadnje stopnje reakcije so amidni derivati dipikolinske kisline, ki so primerni za sintezo koordinacijskih spojin cinka.Diabetes mellitus poses a great challenge to society, as current therapies do not eliminate the root cause of the disease, i.e. pancreatic beta cell dysfunction. The product of many years of development of new compounds are numerous zinc complexes. They have already been tested and were confirmed to have anti-diabetic properties, but due to their toxicity they are not yet suitable for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
Masters’s thesis includes synthesis of amide derivatives of dipicolinic acid and analysis of protone specters. The synthesis of dipicolinic acid amide analogs consists of multistep reaction. The starting product is dimethyl ester of dipicolinic acid. In the first step the ester is hydrolysed to methyl ester of dipicolinic acid via basic hydrolysis with KOH. The next step is synthesis of the acid chloride under inert conditions on the Schlenk line followed by the conversion of the acid chloride into amide derivative with the selected amine. The last step is basic haydrolisis of ester group to carboxyl group. The resulting products are amide derivatives of dipicolinic acid, which are suitable for the synthesis of coordination zinc compounds
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