1,720,967 research outputs found
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Intra-Abdominal Hypertension in the critically ill patient with hepatic cirrhosis
No full textLiver cirrhosis is a common cause of death and a worldwide public health problem linked to alcohol consumption and viral hepatitis. Patients with advanced liver disease in the stage of cirrhosis develop complications and are prone to critical illness with acute organ failure (OF).
The patient with cirrhosis in intensive care poses a clinical challenge due to high mortality rates. These patients develop the acute-on-chronic liver failure syndrome (ACLF), with acute decompensation, OF as defined in the seminal CANONIC study using the Chronic Liver Failure – Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (CLIF-SOFA) score, and high 28-day mortality rate.
Intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) is defined by the World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome (ACS) and is well studied in multiple clinical settings (i.e. major abdominal surgery, ruptured abdominal aortic aneurism, major burns, major trauma, acute pancreatitis, and mechanical ventilation). However, there is paucity of data regarding IAH in the patient with cirrhosis.
Patients with cirrhosis are at risk of developing elevated intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), due to the presence of portal hypertension and the formation of ascites. The occurrence of IAH is frequently underdiagnosed in these patients, and is subjectively termed "tense ascites". In patients with ascites refractory to medical treatment, repeated large-volume paracentesis (LVP) is a therapeutic option. Furthermore, the treatment of IAH through LVP results in short-term improvement of renal and respiratory dysfunction in patients with cirrhosis and ascites in intensive care.
Intra-abdominal hypertension is an underappreciated cause of organ dysfunction/failure, and may play an important role in the development of acute kidney injury (AKI) in patients with However, fundamental data regarding the impact of IAH on clinical outcomes in critically ill patients with cirrhosis and ascites is scarce.
In this thesis we aimed to comprehensively study IAP, ACS and abdominal perfusion pressure (APP) in critically ill patients with cirrhosis. To achieve this objective we conducted a series of five studies with distinct methodologies in different populations of patient with cirrhosis in intensive care.
In the first, retrospective study we analyzed the clinical characteristics, mortality and risk factors in a cohort of 71 patients between March 2013 and December 2016. The typical patient was under 60 years-old, male, with alcoholic liver cirrhosis presenting with septic shock and multiorgan failure ACLF grade 3 at intensive care unit (ICU) admission. The 28-day mortality rate (49%) was higher than in the reference literature, and risk factors included a high total number of OF at admission, and arterial blood lactate and international normalized ratio at the third day of stay.
In the second, multicentric, retrospective study we characterized IAP, determined the prevalence, severity and risk factors of IAH, as well as the outcomes in 95 patients between January 2009 and October 2019. There was a very high prevalence (82%) of IAH and the distribution mode was grade II (33%), as assessed by the maximum IAP value. Risk factors for IAH were alcoholic etiology of liver disease, hepatic encephalopathy (HE) West-Haven score and, surprisingly, higher oxygenation ratio PO2/FiO2 at admission. Additionally, ACS had a prevalence of 23% and infection as precipitant event of critical illness was a risk factor. Increased IAP was associated with increased 28-day mortality, and maximum IAP was a risk factor after adjusting for clinical severity SAPS II score.In the third, prospective study we analyzed APP, the prevalence and risk factors of abdominal hypoperfusion (AhP), as well as the outcomes in 101 patients between October 2016 and December 2021. The mean APP was 63 (± 15) mmHg with a 47% prevalence of AhP at ICU admission. Abdominal hypoperfusion during the first week was independently associated with higher clinical severity of ACLF and with a higher likelihood of paracentesis performed at admission. Additionally, total bilirubin and SAPS II score at admission were independent risk factors for 28-day mortality.
In the fourth, post-hoc analysis of the prospective study we determined the impact of APP on the development of acute renal failure (ARF), defined as stage 3 International Club of Ascites (ICA) - AKI in 58 patients. The prevalence of AhP was 75% during the first week of ICU stay, and in 29% of cases we observed persisting AhP during this 7-day period. There was a high prevalence of ARF (48%) during this period, and risk factors included higher serum urea and white blood cell count at admission, as well as lower persisting APP. Furthermore, we observed an optimal cut-off value of persisting APP <70 mmHg to predict ARF that may be useful in clinical practice.
Consequently, in the fifth study, we designed and implemented a clinical trial to compare a continuous passive paracentesis (intervention) versus an intermittent LVP (control) strategy in the prevention and treatment of IAH in the critically ill patient with cirrhosis and ascites in intensive care. In this investigator-initiated, open label, randomized controlled trial (RCT), 70 patients will be allocated to study groups, in a 1:1 ratio, within 24h of admission. The primary endpoint is serum creatinine concentration, and secondary endpoints include IAP, stage 3 ICA-AKI and multiorgan dysfunction CLIF-SOFA score, assessed at day 7 after enrollment, as well as 28-day mortality rate. The trial was initiated in August 2022 with an expected duration of 36 months.
Furthermore, liver transplant in critically ill patients with cirrhosis was performed in an important proportion (15%) of patients within 28 days of ICU admission in our aggregate cohorts.
In conclusion, the majority of patients were male with alcohol-related liver disease. Infection was the most frequent precipitant event for acute decompensation and patients presented with multiorgan failure at ICU admission. Twenty-eight day mortality was high and risk factors were related to OF, systemic inflammation and metabolic dysfunction. Liver transplant was an effective treatment for selected patients. The prevalence of IAH during the ICU stay was high, and alcoholic cirrhosis, HE and oxygenation ratio at admission were risk factors. Infection as a precipitant event was a risk factor for ACS. Higher IAP was associated with higher 28-day mortality rate, and maximum IAP was a risk factor. Abdominal perfusion pressure was low in patients with cirrhosis, and lower APP was associated with worst vital outcome. Initial higher ACLF severity was a risk factor for AhP, and patients with AhP were more likely to be submitted to paracentesis at admission. Critically ill patients with cirrhosis presented a high prevalence of ARF, and risk factors were serum urea, WBC count and low persisting APP with a predictive cut-off value of <70 mmHg that may be clinically useful. The prevention and treatment of IAH in patients with cirrhosis and ascites may improve clinical outcomes, and consequently a RCT has been implemented to compare the clinical outcomes of two therapeutic paracentesis strategies.Resumo
A cirrose hepática está associada ao consumo de álcool e hepatite viral, é uma causa comum de morte e um problema de saúde pública em todo o mundo. Os doentes com doença hepática avançada na fase de cirrose desenvolvem complicações e encontram-se propensos a contrair doenças agudas críticas com falências de órgão (FO). O doente com cirrose na unidade de cuidados intensivos (UCI) representa um desafio clínico devido a elevadas taxas de mortalidade. Estes doentes desenvolvem a síndrome acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF), com descompensação aguda e FO, conforme definido no original estudo CANONIC através da escala de gravidade clínica Chronic Liver Failure - Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (CLIF-SOFA) e de uma elevada taxa de mortalidade aos 28 dias.
A hipertensão intra-abdominal (IAH) (pressão intra-abdominal [PIA] ≥12 mmHg) e a síndrome de compartimento abdominal (SCA) são definidas pela World Society of Abdominal Compartment Syndrome e estão bem estudadas em diversos contextos clínicos (cirurgia abdominal major, rutura de aneurisma de aorta abdominal, queimaduras graves, trauma grave, pancreatite aguda e ventilação mecânica). No entanto, são escassos os dados sobre IAH no doente com cirrose. Os doentes com cirrose estão em risco de desenvolver PIA elevada, devido à presença de hipertensão portal e à formação de ascite. A ocorrência de IAH é, frequentemente, sub-diagnosticada nestes doentes e, subjetivamente, denominada "ascite tensa". Em doentes com ascite refratária ao tratamento médico, a paracentese de grande volume (PGV) repetida é uma opção terapêutica. Além disso, o tratamento da IAH através de PGV resulta na melhoria das disfunções renal e respiratória a curto prazo em doentes com cirrose e ascite na UCI. A HIA é uma causa subestimada de disfunção e FO e pode desempenhar um papel importante no desenvolvimento de insuficiência renal aguda (IRA) em doentes com cirrose. No entanto, há uma escassez de dados fundamentais sobre o impacto da IAH nos resultados clínicos dos doentes críticos com cirrose e ascite.
Nesta tese, de forma abrangente, pretendeu-se estudar a PIA, a SCA e a pressão de perfusão abdominal (PPA) em doentes críticos com cirrose. Para alcançar este objetivo, realizamos uma série de cinco estudos com metodologias distintas em várias populações de doentes com cirrose.
No primeiro estudo, retrospetivo, analisámos as características clínicas, mortalidade e fatores de risco numa coorte de 71 doentes, entre março de 2013 e dezembro de 2016. O doente típico apresentava menos de 60 anos, sexo masculino e cirrose alcoólica, com choque séptico e falência multiorgânica, com ACLF 3 na admissão. A taxa de mortalidade a 28 dias (49%) foi mais alta do que na literatura de referência, e os fatores de risco incluíram um elevado número total de FO na admissão, lactato arterial e o índice internacional normalizado (INR) no terceiro dia de UCI.
No segundo estudo, retrospetivo, multicêntrico, caracterizámos a PIA, determinámos a prevalência, a gravidade e os fatores de risco da IAH, bem como os resultados clínicos em 95 doentes, entre janeiro de 2009 e outubro de 2019. Observou-se uma prevalência de IAH muito alta (82%) e a moda da sua distribuição foi o grau II (33%), conforme avaliado pelo valor máximo de IAP. Os fatores de risco para IAH foram a etiologia alcoólica da doença hepática, o grau de encefalopatia hepática (HE) pela escala de West-Haven e, surpreendentemente, uma maior razão de oxigenação (PO2/FiO2) no dia de admissão na UCI. Adicionalmente, a SCA apresentou uma prevalência de 23%, e teve a infeção como evento precipitante de doença crítica como fator de risco. O aumento da IAP esteve associado a uma maior taxa de mortalidade a 28 dias, e a IAP máxima foi um fator de risco independente da gravidade clínica na admissão, tal como avaliada pela escala SAPS II. No terceiro estudo, prospetivo, analisámos a pressão de perfusão abdominal (PPA), a prevalência e os fatores de risco da hipoperfusão abdominal (hPA) (PPA <60 mmHg), bem como os resultados clínicos em 101 doentes, entre outubro de 2016 e dezembro de 2021. A PPA média foi de 63 (±15) mmHg, com uma prevalência hPA de 47% no dia de admissão na UCI. A hPA durante a primeira semana na UCI apresentou-se associada de forma independente a uma maior gravidade clínica, aferida pelo grau de ACLF, e a uma maior probabilidade de realização de paracentese no dia de admissão. Além disso, a bilirrubina total e a escala SAPS II na admissão foram fatores de risco independentes para a mortalidade a 28 dias.
No quarto estudo, um análise pós-hoc do estudo prospetivo, determinámos o impacto da PPA no desenvolvimento de falência renal aguda (FRA), definida como o grau 3 de IRA de acordo com o International Club of Ascites (ICA), em 58 doentes. A prevalência de hPA foi de 75% durante a primeira semana na UCI, e em 29% dos casos observamos hPA persistente durante esse período de 7 dias. Houve uma elevada prevalência de FRA (48%) durante este período, e os seus fatores de risco incluíram a elevação da ureia sérica e da contagem de leucócitos na admissão, bem como uma reduzida PPA persistente. Adicionalmente, observámos um valor de corte de PPA persistente <70 mmHg otimizado para a previsão de FRA, que poderá ser útil na prática clínica.
Consequentemente, para o quinto estudo, desenhámos e implementámos um estudo clínico para comparar a paracentese passiva contínua (intervenção) versus a PGV intermitente (controlo) na prevenção e tratamento da IAH no doente critico com cirrose e ascite na UCI. Neste estudo clínico controlado com aleatorização, iniciado em agosto de 2022, e com uma duração prevista de 36 meses, 70 doentes serão alocados aos grupos de estudo, numa razão de 1:1, nas 24 horas iniciais após a admissão. O "outcome" primário é a concentração de creatinina sérica, e os "outcomes" secundários incluem a PIA, FRA e a escala de CLIF-SOFA avaliados ao 7º dia após a admissão, bem como a taxa de mortalidade em 28 dias.
De forma suplementar, observou-se que o transplante hepático foi realizado numa proporção significativa (15%) dos doentes críticos com cirrose, durante os 28 dias após a admissão na UCI.
Em conclusão, a maioria dos doentes era do sexo masculino, com doença hepática relacionada com o consumo de álcool. A infeção foi o evento precipitante mais frequente na descompensação aguda, e os doentes apresentaram-se com falência multiorgânica na admissão na UCI. A taxa de mortalidade a 28 dias foi elevada, e os fatores de risco relacionaram-se com a FO, inflamação sistémica e disfunção metabólica. O transplante hepático foi um tratamento eficaz em doentes selecionados. A HIA apresentou uma prevalência elevada durante o internamento na UCI, e os seus fatores de risco foram a cirrose alcoólica, o elevado grau de HE e a razão de oxigenação na admissão. A infeção foi um fator de risco para SCA. A PIA elevada encontrou-se associada a uma maior taxa de mortalidade aos 28 dias, e o valor máximo de PIA foi um fator de risco. A PPA foi baixa em doentes críticos com cirrose, e a reduzida PPA esteve associada a um pior desfecho vital. A maior gravidade da ACLF na admissão foi um fator de risco para hPA, e os doentes com hPA apresentaram maior probabilidade de ser submetidos a paracentese na admissão. Os doentes críticos com cirrose apresentaram uma elevada prevalência de FRA, cujos fatores de risco foram a elevação da ureia sérica e da contagem de leucócitos na admissão e a reduzida PPA persistente, com um respetivo valor de corte <70 mmHg preditivo de FRA, que pode ser clinicamente útil. A prevenção e o tratamento da HIA em doentes críticos com cirrose e ascite poderão melhorar os resultados clínicos e, consequentemente, um estudo clínico foi implementado para comparar os resultados de duas estratégias de paracentese terapêutica
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
koamabayili/VECTRON-author-checklist: VECTRON author checklist
No full textWe have done our best to complete the author checklist relating to the use of animals in the hut study. Note that the objective for the hut study was to evaluate the IRS treatment applications for residual efficacy against Anopheles mosquitoes, including the local An. coluzzii mosquito population. Cows were only used to attract mosquitoes into the huts and no tests were carried out directly on the cows. The author checklist is intended for use with studies where experiments are carried out on animals, which is why we have had such difficulty in completing this for the hut study, as many of the questions do not relate to how the cows were used
Author-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.
No full textAuthor-wise bibliometric analysis based on entropy.</p
Author Under Sail The Imagination of Jack London, 1893-1902
No full textIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Intro -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- Dedication -- Contents -- Acknowledgments -- Introduction -- 1. Spirit Truth -- 2. From Absorption to Theatricality and Back Again -- 3. "I Will Build a New Present" -- 4. Sons as Authors -- 5. Fathers as Publishers -- 6. The Daughter as Author -- 7. Lovers as Authors -- 8. At Sea with the Family -- 9. Yellow News, Yellow Stories -- 10. The Return Home -- Notes -- Bibliography -- Index -- About Jay WilliamsIn Author Under Sail, Jay Williams offers the first complete literary biography of Jack London as a professional writer engaged in the labor of writing. It examines the authorial imagination in London's work, the use of imagination in both his fiction and nonfiction, and the ways he defined imagination in the creative process in his business dealings with his publishers, editors, and agents. In this first volume of a two-volume biography, Williams traverses the years 1893 to 1902, from London's "Story of a Typhoon" to The People of the Abyss. The Jack London who emerges in the pages of Author Under Sail is a writer whose partnership with publishers, most notably his productive alliance with George Brett of Macmillan, was one of the most formative in American literary history. London pioneered many author models during the heyday of realism and naturalism, blurring the boundaries of these popular genres by focusing on absorption and theatricality and the representation of the seen and unseen. London created an impassioned, sincere, and extremely personal realism unlike that of other American writers of the time. Author Under Sail is a literary tour de force that reveals the full range of London as writer, creative citizen, and entrepreneur at the same time it sheds light on the maverick side of machine-age literature.Description based on publisher supplied metadata and other sources.Electronic reproduction. Ann Arbor, Michigan : ProQuest Ebook Central, YYYY. Available via World Wide Web. Access may be limited to ProQuest Ebook Central affiliated libraries
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